Cell Biology Overview
29 Questions
100 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the Cell Theory?

  • All living things are composed of cells.
  • Cells are the basic unit of structure and functions in living things.
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells.
  • All of the above. (correct)

    • What are organelles?

    Parts in a cell that have different jobs.

    What are prokaryotic cells?

    Cells that lack a nucleus and most organelles.

    What are eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cells that have a nucleus and many organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key differences between plant and animal cells?

    <p>Animal cells have a centriole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell wall?

    <p>Supports and protects the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cell membrane do?

    <p>Supports the cell and controls movement of materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nucleus?

    <p>Controls cell activities and contains heredity material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nuclear membrane control?

    <p>The movement of materials in and out of the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytoplasm?

    <p>Supports and protects cell organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the E.R. do?

    <p>Carries materials through the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes?

    <p>Make proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Golgi apparatus do?

    <p>Modifies, stores, and routes proteins/products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lysosomes?

    <p>Sacs that digest products and destroy harmful bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cytoskeleton?

    <p>A network of fibers that helps maintain cell shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondria?

    <p>Release energy from sugars and form ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are phospholipids?

    <p>Lipids in the cell membrane with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of transport in cells?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is diffusion?

    <p>Movement of particles from higher to lower concentration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is facilitated diffusion?

    <p>Movement of substances from high to low concentration using proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an isotonic solution?

    <p>Equal distribution of solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a hypertonic solution?

    <p>More solute causing cells to shrink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a hypotonic solution?

    <p>More solvent causing cells to expand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The four functions of membrane proteins include __________.

    <p>enzymes, cell recognition, cell signaling, and transporting materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is active transport?

    <p>Movement of molecules or ions using energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is exocytosis?

    <p>The process of materials exiting the cell via vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is endocytosis?

    <p>The process of materials entering the cell via vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of endocytosis?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Theory

    • All living organisms are composed of cells; these are the fundamental units of structure and function.
    • Cells arise from pre-existing cells, ensuring continuity in living systems.

    Cell Timeline

    • Electron beam microscopes, including SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), revolutionized cell observation.

    Organelles

    • Organelles perform various functions within the cell, each playing a distinct role in cellular operation.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    • Characterized by the absence of a nucleus and most organelles.
    • These are the earliest forms of life on Earth.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    • Contain a nucleus as well as multiple organelles, supporting more complex functions.

    Plant vs. Animal Cells

    • Animal cells possess centrioles and flagella.
    • Plant cells contain chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a central vacuole, contributing to their unique functions.

    Cell Wall

    • Provides structural support and protection for the cell.
    • Facilitates water diffusion in and out of the cell.

    Cell Membrane

    • Protects the cell by separating internal and external environments.
    • Regulates material movement into and out of the cell.

    Nucleus

    • Acts as the control center for cell activities.
    • Houses genetic material necessary for heredity.

    Nuclear Membrane

    • Manages the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

    Cytoplasm

    • Supports and safeguards cell organelles, providing a medium for biochemical processes.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

    • Transports materials within the cell.
    • Rough E.R. is studded with ribosomes, while Smooth E.R. lacks them.

    Ribosomes

    • Responsible for protein synthesis, fundamental for cell functions.

    Golgi Apparatus

    • Modifies, stores, and directs proteins and products to their respective destinations.

    Lysosomes

    • Digestive sacs containing enzymes that break down waste and harmful bacteria.

    Cytoskeleton

    • A framework of fibers that helps maintain the cell's shape and organization.

    Mitochondria

    • Powerhouses of the cell that convert sugar into energy (ATP).

    Phospholipids

    • Key components of the cell membrane, featuring hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

    Types of Transport

    • Passive Transport: Occurs without energy expenditure.
    • Active Transport: Requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

    Diffusion

    • Process of particles moving from areas of higher to lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved; occurs without energy.

    Facilitated Diffusion

    • A form of passive transport that uses membrane proteins to assist in the movement of specific substances from high to low concentration.

    Osmosis

    • A specific type of passive transport focusing on the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

    Isotonic Solution

    • Achieves equal distribution of solute and solvent across a membrane.

    Hypertonic Solution

    • Contains a higher concentration of solute, leading to cell shrinkage due to water loss.

    Hypotonic Solution

    • Has a lower concentration of solute, causing cells to swell as water enters.

    Functions of Membrane Proteins

    • Enzymatic activity: Accelerate biochemical reactions.
    • Cell recognition: Facilitate identification between cells.
    • Signal transduction: Allow communication and message transfer within cells.
    • Transport: Assist the movement of materials across the membrane.

    Active Transport

    • Utilizes energy for the movement of molecules from lower to higher concentration; may involve protein pumps or large vesicles.

    Exocytosis

    • The process of expelling materials from a cell using vesicles.

    Endocytosis

    • The intake of materials into a cell, also via vesicles.

    Types of Endocytosis

    • Phagocytosis: Engulfing entire cells or large particles.
    • Pinocytosis: Uptake of external fluid and solutes.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, organelles, and the distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers the differences between plant and animal cells as well as advancements in cell observation technology. Test your knowledge on how cellular structures underpin the functionality of all living organisms.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser