Cell Biology Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method by which plant cells acquire energy?

Fermentation

Photosynthesis (correct)

Cellular respiration

Chemosynthesis

Which of the following is true regarding the size of animal cells compared to plant cells?

Animal cells are larger than plant cells

Animal and plant cells are of equal size

Animal cells vary greatly in size compared to plant cells

Animal cells are smaller than plant cells (correct)

Which component is responsible for locomotion in certain cells?

Ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Vacuoles

Cilia (correct)

What do lysosomes primarily contain to function effectively?

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What do both plant and animal cells need to perform various cellular functions and maintain homeostasis?

Energy Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is not typically present in animal cells?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of energy in animal cells?

Glycogen Signup and view all the answers

During cytokinesis in animal cells, which structure is responsible for dividing the cell into two?

Cleavage furrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the eyepiece in a microscope?

To magnify the object for viewing Signup and view all the answers

What does the Lower Power Objective (LPO) typically magnify to?

10X Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell division processes occurs in prokaryotic cells?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Both growth and repair of damaged cells Signup and view all the answers

What are somatic cells primarily responsible for?

Repairing body cells Signup and view all the answers

What process follows mitosis during cell division?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Which term is associated with the production of identical cells?

Asexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the oil immersion objective in a microscope?

It requires oil to enhance magnification Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of sclerenchyma cells?

Provide support and protection Signup and view all the answers

Which cell organelle is responsible for controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell?

Cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What structure within the nucleus contains chromatin materials and the nucleolus?

Karyolymph Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mitochondria is described as having folded inner partitions?

Cristae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of nephron cells in the kidneys?

Aid in blood filtering and waste extraction Signup and view all the answers

What function does the Golgi apparatus perform in the cell?

Modification and packaging of materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?

Acts as a barrier to ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of cork cells that aids in water loss prevention?

Waxy cuticle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vacuoles in a cell?

Storage and release of various substances Signup and view all the answers

What structure is unique to animal cells that helps organize spindle fibers during mitosis?

Centrosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is responsible for locomotion in animal cells?

Cilia and flagella Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microtubules in the cytoskeleton?

Supporting the cytoplasm and transporting materials Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope can magnify objects up to 7.5 million times?

Electron Microscope Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of a compound microscope?

Mechanical parts and system of lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids?

Vacuoles Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with the invention of the optical microscope?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of meiosis?

To reduce the chromosome number by half in the new cells Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Gap 2 of the cell cycle?

The cell prepares for mitosis Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do chromatids become visible and the nuclear membrane begins to disappear?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during cell division?

To separate chromosomes into equal halves Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for a cell to stop growing?

It has reached its size limit and needs to divide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cytokinesis?

Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

DNA is replicated and synthesized Signup and view all the answers

Which structure begins to form as centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell?

Mitotic spindle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Organelles

Nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus.
Cilia consists of microtubules aiding in cellular locomotion.
Thin, elongated DNA forms chromosomes within the nucleus.
RNA synthesis occurs in the nucleus, while protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm.
Cytoskeleton provides structural support and is composed of centrosomes, flagella, and microtubules.
Organelles such as lysosomes, containing enzymes for digestion, and vacuoles, serving various storage functions, are prevalent in cells.
Energy for growth and development is acquired through cellular respiration.

Plant Cell Characteristics

Plant cells are typically larger than animal cells, ranging from 10 to 100 micrometers in length.
They maintain a rectangular shape and are capable of photosynthesis, producing water and oxygen.
Starch is stored as an energy reserve.
Plant cells synthesize all 20 amino acids essential for various functions.

Animal Cell Characteristics

Animal cells are smaller than plant cells, measuring 10 to 30 micrometers.
Cells have various shapes, including round and irregular.
They are heterotrophic, relying on plants for food.
Energy is stored as glycogen.
Animal cells grow with water absorption.

Specialized Cell Types

Nephron cells in the kidneys filter blood and extract wastes.
Nerve cells transmit electrical signals across the body.

Cytological Components

Golgi apparatus modifies and packages materials for cellular export and enzyme transport.
Mitochondria are double-walled, involved in energy production with their own DNA.
Nucleus regulates all cell reactions, containing chromatin and nucleolus.

Microscopy

The optical microscope, developed by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, magnifies objects for observation.
Electron microscopes, improved by Ernest Ruska and Albert Crewe, enable detail resolution of cellular structures, achieving magnifications of up to 7.5 million times.

Cell Division and Reproduction

Eukaryotic cells reproduce through mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).
Prokaryotic cells reproduce via binary fission.
Mitosis ensures new cells have identical genetic material; involved in growth and repair.
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes for sexual reproduction.

Cell Cycle Phases

Interphase includes Gap 1 (cell growth), S phase (DNA replication), and Gap 2 (preparation for mitosis).
Mitosis involves the division of the nucleus and formation of chromatids.
Cytokinesis is the final phase, resulting in two distinct cells.

Key Definitions

Somatic cells are any cells forming the body, excluding sperm and egg cells.
Gametes are reproductive cells formed through meiosis, containing half the organism's chromosome number.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key components of cell biology, including the structures and functions of the nuclear membrane, cilia, and cytoskeleton. This quiz covers synthesis of RNA and proteins, as well as the process of cytokinesis. Perfect for students studying cell biology!