Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus.
Which of the following are characteristics of bacteria?
Which of the following are characteristics of bacteria?
The cell envelope includes: Capsule, Cell wall, and ___
The cell envelope includes: Capsule, Cell wall, and ___
Cell (Plasma) membrane
What are the functions of ribosomes?
What are the functions of ribosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of flagella?
What is the function of flagella?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Define endospore.
Define endospore.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the types of normal flora?
What are the types of normal flora?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the advantages of normal flora?
What are the advantages of normal flora?
Signup and view all the answers
When do normal flora become pathogenic?
When do normal flora become pathogenic?
Signup and view all the answers
Colonization is defined as the multiplication of an organism on a body surface without ___
Colonization is defined as the multiplication of an organism on a body surface without ___
Signup and view all the answers
Infection involves the multiplication of an organism in the tissues with ___
Infection involves the multiplication of an organism in the tissues with ___
Signup and view all the answers
What is a carrier?
What is a carrier?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of sterilization?
What is the process of sterilization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is disinfection?
What is disinfection?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the methods of monitoring an autoclave?
What are the methods of monitoring an autoclave?
Signup and view all the answers
When is hand washing indicated?
When is hand washing indicated?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following items with their risk level:
Match the following items with their risk level:
Signup and view all the answers
What are some modes of HBV transmission?
What are some modes of HBV transmission?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some complications of HBV?
What are some complications of HBV?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of active immunization for HBV?
What is the purpose of active immunization for HBV?
Signup and view all the answers
What does passive immunization involve in the context of HBV?
What does passive immunization involve in the context of HBV?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key measure to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)?
What is a key measure to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Types Comparison
- Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus, also known as a true nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, with DNA not physically separated from the cytoplasm.
- Bacteria are unicellular organisms with both DNA and RNA, classified as prokaryotic due to the absence of a true nucleus.
- Viruses are acellular entities that consist of either a DNA or RNA core and are obligate intracellular pathogens.
Cell Envelope Components
- The cell envelope comprises three main structures:
- Capsule
- Cell wall
- Cell (plasma) membrane
Functions of Cellular Structures
- Cell Wall: Provides shape and osmotic protection.
- Ribosomes: Involved in protein synthesis.
- Flagella: Facilitates movement.
- Pili: Aids in attachment to surfaces.
-
Cell Membrane Functions:
- Transporting nutrients into the cell.
- Transporting waste out of the cell.
- Containing enzymes essential for respiration.
Endospores
- Endospores represent the inactive, dormant form of bacteria.
- They can resist adverse environmental conditions such as:
- Dryness
- High temperatures
- Bactericidal agents
- Nutritional deficiency
Normal Flora Types
- Resident Flora: Permanently inhabit body sites and are not easily removed by routine hand hygiene.
- Transient Flora: Temporarily present and removed by routine hand hygiene.
Advantages of Normal Flora
- Synthesize essential vitamins.
- Prevent entry of pathogens through:
- Physical occupancy.
- Competition for nutrients.
- Production of antibacterial chemicals.
Pathogenic Potential of Normal Flora
- Normal flora can become pathogenic under certain conditions:
- When immunity is lowered.
- If they access a different site in the body.
- Due to prolonged antibiotic use.
Colonization vs. Infection
- Colonization: Multiplication of an organism on a host's body surface without disease or tissue invasion.
- Infection: Involves multiplication within tissues, tissue invasion, and causing disease.
Carrier Definition
- A carrier is an individual who harbors a pathogenic organism without exhibiting symptoms but can transmit the infection to others.
Sterilization vs. Disinfection
- Sterilization: The complete removal or destruction of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores.
- Disinfection: Reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms to a level that poses no significant health risk, but does not necessarily eliminate all bacterial spores.
Monitoring of Autoclave
- Autoclave performance is monitored through:
- Physical monitoring of pressure, temperature, and cycle duration.
- Chemical monitoring.
- Biological monitoring.
Hand Washing Guidelines
- Required when:
- Hands are visibly dirty or soiled with blood or other fluids.
- There is suspicion or evidence of exposure to spore-forming organisms.
Items Classification
- Critical Items: High risk; penetrate sterile tissues; require sterilization.
- Semi-Critical Items: Intermediate risk; contact with mucous membranes; require cleaning followed by disinfection.
- Non-Critical Items: Low risk; contact with intact skin or inanimate environments; cleaning and drying are typically adequate.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- Transmittion: Transmitted through blood, sexual intercourse, and perinatally.
- Complications: Can lead to asymptomatic chronic carriers, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cell failure.
HBV Prevention
- Active Immunization: Involves three intramuscular doses at 0, 1, and 6 months, targeting high-risk groups and newborns.
- Passive Immunization: Administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) with the vaccine after exposure to HBsAg positive blood.
- Hygienic Measures: Essential to reduce transmission risks.
Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)
- Only use catheters when absolutely necessary.
- Remove catheters promptly once they are no longer needed.
- Employ aseptic techniques during catheter insertion.
- Maintain a closed drainage system.
- Ensure unobstructed urinary flow to minimize infection risk.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their structures, and functions. This quiz covers key differences between bacteria and viruses, along with the roles of various cellular components like the cell wall and ribosomes. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand cellular biology concepts!