Cell Biology Overview Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus.

Which of the following are characteristics of bacteria?

Contain both DNA and RNA (correct)

Prokaryotic cells (correct)

Unicellular organisms (correct)

Have a true nucleus

The cell envelope includes: Capsule, Cell wall, and ___

Cell (Plasma) membrane

What are the functions of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella?

Movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Transport of nutrients into the cell and waste out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Define endospore.

Inactive form of the bacteria that resists adverse environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of normal flora?

Transient Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of normal flora?

Synthesize vitamins Signup and view all the answers

When do normal flora become pathogenic?

When immunity is lowered, flora gains access to a different site, or prolonged antibiotic use occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Colonization is defined as the multiplication of an organism on a body surface without ___

tissue invasion Signup and view all the answers

Infection involves the multiplication of an organism in the tissues with ___

tissue invasion Signup and view all the answers

What is a carrier?

A person who carries a pathogenic organism but has no symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of sterilization?

Removes or destroys all microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is disinfection?

Reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What are the methods of monitoring an autoclave?

Physical monitoring, chemical monitoring, and biological monitoring. Signup and view all the answers

When is hand washing indicated?

When hands are visibly dirty or exposed to potential spore-forming organisms. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following items with their risk level:

Critical Items = High risk - penetrate sterile tissues Semi-Critical Items = Intermediate risk - contact with mucous membranes Non-Critical Items = Low risk - contact with intact skin and environmental surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What are some modes of HBV transmission?

Blood Signup and view all the answers

What are some complications of HBV?

Chronic active hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of active immunization for HBV?

Prevent infection through vaccines Signup and view all the answers

What does passive immunization involve in the context of HBV?

Administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) with the vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key measure to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)?

Use catheter only if truly indicated. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Types Comparison

Eukaryotic cells possess a membrane-bound nucleus, also known as a true nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, with DNA not physically separated from the cytoplasm.
Bacteria are unicellular organisms with both DNA and RNA, classified as prokaryotic due to the absence of a true nucleus.
Viruses are acellular entities that consist of either a DNA or RNA core and are obligate intracellular pathogens.

Cell Envelope Components

The cell envelope comprises three main structures:
- Capsule
- Cell wall
- Cell (plasma) membrane

Functions of Cellular Structures

Cell Wall: Provides shape and osmotic protection.
Ribosomes: Involved in protein synthesis.
Flagella: Facilitates movement.
Pili: Aids in attachment to surfaces.
Cell Membrane Functions:
- Transporting nutrients into the cell.
- Transporting waste out of the cell.
- Containing enzymes essential for respiration.

Endospores

Endospores represent the inactive, dormant form of bacteria.
They can resist adverse environmental conditions such as:
- Dryness
- High temperatures
- Bactericidal agents
- Nutritional deficiency

Normal Flora Types

Resident Flora: Permanently inhabit body sites and are not easily removed by routine hand hygiene.
Transient Flora: Temporarily present and removed by routine hand hygiene.

Advantages of Normal Flora

Synthesize essential vitamins.
Prevent entry of pathogens through:
- Physical occupancy.
- Competition for nutrients.
- Production of antibacterial chemicals.

Pathogenic Potential of Normal Flora

Normal flora can become pathogenic under certain conditions:
- When immunity is lowered.
- If they access a different site in the body.
- Due to prolonged antibiotic use.

Colonization vs. Infection

Colonization: Multiplication of an organism on a host's body surface without disease or tissue invasion.
Infection: Involves multiplication within tissues, tissue invasion, and causing disease.

Carrier Definition

A carrier is an individual who harbors a pathogenic organism without exhibiting symptoms but can transmit the infection to others.

Sterilization vs. Disinfection

Sterilization: The complete removal or destruction of all microorganisms, including bacterial spores.
Disinfection: Reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms to a level that poses no significant health risk, but does not necessarily eliminate all bacterial spores.

Monitoring of Autoclave

Autoclave performance is monitored through:
- Physical monitoring of pressure, temperature, and cycle duration.
- Chemical monitoring.
- Biological monitoring.

Hand Washing Guidelines

Required when:
- Hands are visibly dirty or soiled with blood or other fluids.
- There is suspicion or evidence of exposure to spore-forming organisms.

Items Classification

Critical Items: High risk; penetrate sterile tissues; require sterilization.
Semi-Critical Items: Intermediate risk; contact with mucous membranes; require cleaning followed by disinfection.
Non-Critical Items: Low risk; contact with intact skin or inanimate environments; cleaning and drying are typically adequate.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Transmittion: Transmitted through blood, sexual intercourse, and perinatally.
Complications: Can lead to asymptomatic chronic carriers, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and liver cell failure.

HBV Prevention

Active Immunization: Involves three intramuscular doses at 0, 1, and 6 months, targeting high-risk groups and newborns.
Passive Immunization: Administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) with the vaccine after exposure to HBsAg positive blood.
Hygienic Measures: Essential to reduce transmission risks.

Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI)

Only use catheters when absolutely necessary.
Remove catheters promptly once they are no longer needed.
Employ aseptic techniques during catheter insertion.
Maintain a closed drainage system.
Ensure unobstructed urinary flow to minimize infection risk.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their structures, and functions. This quiz covers key differences between bacteria and viruses, along with the roles of various cellular components like the cell wall and ribosomes. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand cellular biology concepts!