Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of protein is approximately found in the membrane of human erythrocytes?
What percentage of protein is approximately found in the membrane of human erythrocytes?
- 60%
- 40%
- 30%
- 52% (correct)
Cholesterol is absent in the cell membrane composition.
Cholesterol is absent in the cell membrane composition.
False (B)
What are the two main classes of membrane proteins?
What are the two main classes of membrane proteins?
Integral and peripheral proteins
The fluid mosaic model was proposed by _______ and _______.
The fluid mosaic model was proposed by _______ and _______.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
Match the following components of the cell membrane with their characteristics:
Match the following components of the cell membrane with their characteristics:
Passive transport requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane.
Passive transport requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane.
What enables the lateral movement of proteins within the cell membrane?
What enables the lateral movement of proteins within the cell membrane?
What is the function of radial spokes in the cilia and flagella structure?
What is the function of radial spokes in the cilia and flagella structure?
Centrioles are arranged parallel to each other within the centrosome.
Centrioles are arranged parallel to each other within the centrosome.
Who first described the nucleus as a cell organelle?
Who first described the nucleus as a cell organelle?
Each peripheral fibril of the centriole is made up of ______ triplets.
Each peripheral fibril of the centriole is made up of ______ triplets.
Match the following parts of the nucleus with their descriptions:
Match the following parts of the nucleus with their descriptions:
What is the composition of the centrioles in a centrosome?
What is the composition of the centrioles in a centrosome?
The hub of the centriole is solely made of tubulin protein.
The hub of the centriole is solely made of tubulin protein.
What is one primary function of the centrioles during cell division?
What is one primary function of the centrioles during cell division?
What is the primary characteristic of the genetic material in typical bacteria?
What is the primary characteristic of the genetic material in typical bacteria?
Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
What are plasmids and what unique characteristic do they confer to bacteria?
What are plasmids and what unique characteristic do they confer to bacteria?
Bacterial cells have a chemically complex cell ______ that includes the glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane.
Bacterial cells have a chemically complex cell ______ that includes the glycocalyx, cell wall, and plasma membrane.
Match the following structures with their functions:
Match the following structures with their functions:
Which of the following is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells contain organelles like ribosomes.
Prokaryotic cells contain organelles like ribosomes.
What is the function of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?
What is the function of mesosomes in prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) has ribosomes attached to its surface.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) has ribosomes attached to its surface.
Who first observed the structures now known as the Golgi apparatus?
Who first observed the structures now known as the Golgi apparatus?
The Golgi apparatus has a distinct _______ face for packaging materials.
The Golgi apparatus has a distinct _______ face for packaging materials.
Match the following components with their main functions:
Match the following components with their main functions:
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis?
The rough endoplasmic reticulum connects to the outer membrane of the nucleus.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum connects to the outer membrane of the nucleus.
What are the shapes of the structures found in the Golgi apparatus?
What are the shapes of the structures found in the Golgi apparatus?
What structure holds two chromatids of a chromosome?
What structure holds two chromatids of a chromosome?
Kinetochore structures are present on the sides of the centromere of each chromosome.
Kinetochore structures are present on the sides of the centromere of each chromosome.
What type of chromosome has its centromere at the end?
What type of chromosome has its centromere at the end?
Cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus are classified as ______.
Cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus are classified as ______.
Match the types of chromosomes with their descriptions:
Match the types of chromosomes with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT a component of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a component of eukaryotic cells?
Microbodies are present only in plant cells.
Microbodies are present only in plant cells.
What is the primary function of the centrosome?
What is the primary function of the centrosome?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?
Chloroplasts are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation.
Chloroplasts are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the role of the Golgi body in the cell?
What is the role of the Golgi body in the cell?
The ______ contains pigments like chlorophyll and is involved in photosynthesis.
The ______ contains pigments like chlorophyll and is involved in photosynthesis.
What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Match the following organelles with their functions:
The endoplasmic reticulum is composed solely of smooth tubules.
The endoplasmic reticulum is composed solely of smooth tubules.
What surrounds the nucleus of a cell?
What surrounds the nucleus of a cell?
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?
Eukaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus.
What is the primary structural feature of prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary structural feature of prokaryotic cells?
The cytoplasm is the fluid matrix filling the ______.
The cytoplasm is the fluid matrix filling the ______.
Match the following components of the prokaryotic cell with their characteristics:
Match the following components of the prokaryotic cell with their characteristics:
Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in cells?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in cells?
The cell wall is present in animal cells.
The cell wall is present in animal cells.
Which component is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
Which component is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
The cell envelope of most prokaryotic cells is a single-layered structure.
The cell envelope of most prokaryotic cells is a single-layered structure.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the significance of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
What is the significance of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?
In plant cells, _____ are used for communication between neighboring cells.
In plant cells, _____ are used for communication between neighboring cells.
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
Match the following organelles with their primary functions:
Which structure is involved in the protein synthesis of a cell?
Which structure is involved in the protein synthesis of a cell?
The endoplasmic reticulum is strictly involved in lipid synthesis.
The endoplasmic reticulum is strictly involved in lipid synthesis.
What protects the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
What protects the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
What is the term for the movement of water across a membrane from higher to lower concentration?
What is the term for the movement of water across a membrane from higher to lower concentration?
Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton?
What structure forms an outer covering for the plasma membrane in fungi and plants?
What structure forms an outer covering for the plasma membrane in fungi and plants?
Cilia and flagella are the same in structure and function.
Cilia and flagella are the same in structure and function.
The primary wall of a young plant cell is capable of __________ as the cell matures.
The primary wall of a young plant cell is capable of __________ as the cell matures.
Match the cell wall components with their descriptions:
Match the cell wall components with their descriptions:
What is the arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella referred to as?
What is the arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella referred to as?
The core structure of cilia and flagella is called the __________.
The core structure of cilia and flagella is called the __________.
Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
Match the components of cilia and flagella with their descriptions:
Match the components of cilia and flagella with their descriptions:
The middle lamella is mainly composed of calcium pectate and helps glue neighbouring cells together.
The middle lamella is mainly composed of calcium pectate and helps glue neighbouring cells together.
What is the main function of the plasmodesmata in plant cells?
What is the main function of the plasmodesmata in plant cells?
Which of the following best describes the function of cilia?
Which of the following best describes the function of cilia?
Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to prokaryotic flagella.
Eukaryotic flagella are structurally identical to prokaryotic flagella.
What are the two types of structures that make up the cytoskeleton?
What are the two types of structures that make up the cytoskeleton?
What is the primary function of the centrioles in the centrosome?
What is the primary function of the centrioles in the centrosome?
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is composed of tubulin protein.
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is composed of tubulin protein.
What structure emerges from the basal body of cilia or flagella?
What structure emerges from the basal body of cilia or flagella?
The centrosome usually contains two cylindrical structures called ______.
The centrosome usually contains two cylindrical structures called ______.
Match the following components of centrioles with their features:
Match the following components of centrioles with their features:
Which feature describes the arrangement of the centrioles within a centrosome?
Which feature describes the arrangement of the centrioles within a centrosome?
The chromatin in the interphase nucleus is highly condensed.
The chromatin in the interphase nucleus is highly condensed.
Who first described the structure of the nucleus?
Who first described the structure of the nucleus?
What structure is responsible for holding two chromatids of a chromosome together?
What structure is responsible for holding two chromatids of a chromosome together?
Metacentric chromosomes have a centromere located at one end.
Metacentric chromosomes have a centromere located at one end.
What term describes the small fragment appearance caused by non-staining secondary constrictions?
What term describes the small fragment appearance caused by non-staining secondary constrictions?
Chromatin consists of DNA and proteins known as ______.
Chromatin consists of DNA and proteins known as ______.
Match each type of chromosome with its description:
Match each type of chromosome with its description:
What is the approximate length of DNA in a single human cell?
What is the approximate length of DNA in a single human cell?
Kinetochore structures are located on the sides of the chromosomes during cell division.
Kinetochore structures are located on the sides of the chromosomes during cell division.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that is ______ bound by a membrane.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that is ______ bound by a membrane.
Which of the following statements accurately describes Gram positive bacteria?
Which of the following statements accurately describes Gram positive bacteria?
The glycocalyx is always present as a thick capsule in all bacterial species.
The glycocalyx is always present as a thick capsule in all bacterial species.
What are the three main parts of a bacterial flagellum?
What are the three main parts of a bacterial flagellum?
The outer protective layer of bacteria that provides structural support and determines cell shape is called the ______.
The outer protective layer of bacteria that provides structural support and determines cell shape is called the ______.
Match the bacterial structures with their functions:
Match the bacterial structures with their functions:
Which structure in prokaryotes helps increase the surface area of the plasma membrane?
Which structure in prokaryotes helps increase the surface area of the plasma membrane?
Both pili and fimbriae assist in bacterial motility.
Both pili and fimbriae assist in bacterial motility.
What role do chromatophores play in cyanobacteria?
What role do chromatophores play in cyanobacteria?
Which component of mitochondria is primarily responsible for producing ATP?
Which component of mitochondria is primarily responsible for producing ATP?
Plastids are only found in plant cells.
Plastids are only found in plant cells.
What are the three types of plastids based on the pigments they contain?
What are the three types of plastids based on the pigments they contain?
The mitochondria divide by ______.
The mitochondria divide by ______.
Match the following types of plastids with their functions:
Match the following types of plastids with their functions:
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the primary role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Mitochondria have a single circular DNA molecule within their matrix.
Mitochondria have a single circular DNA molecule within their matrix.
What pigments are responsible for the yellow, orange, or red color found in chromoplasts?
What pigments are responsible for the yellow, orange, or red color found in chromoplasts?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for packaging materials in the cell?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for packaging materials in the cell?
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis.
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Which structure is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass while blocking others?
Which structure is selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to pass while blocking others?
The nucleolus is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
The nucleolus is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
Name one key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells.
Name one key characteristic that distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is where steroid hormones are synthesized.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is where steroid hormones are synthesized.
What are the two distinct compartments formed by the endoplasmic reticulum?
What are the two distinct compartments formed by the endoplasmic reticulum?
The Golgi apparatus primarily functions in _______ materials for cellular targeting or secretion.
The Golgi apparatus primarily functions in _______ materials for cellular targeting or secretion.
Which of the following best describes the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following best describes the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
The cis face of the Golgi apparatus is where materials are delivered to be packaged.
The cis face of the Golgi apparatus is where materials are delivered to be packaged.
Match the following structures with their respective functions:
Match the following structures with their respective functions:
What is the main role of the nucleus within a cell?
What is the main role of the nucleus within a cell?
Lysosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
Lysosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
What are the infoldings in mitochondria called?
What are the infoldings in mitochondria called?
The ___ contains flattened membranous sacs involved in packing secretions.
The ___ contains flattened membranous sacs involved in packing secretions.
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is associated with ribosomes?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is associated with ribosomes?
Chloroplasts are found in both plant and animal cells.
Chloroplasts are found in both plant and animal cells.
What structure surrounds and encloses the nucleus?
What structure surrounds and encloses the nucleus?
How many radial spokes are present in the structure of cilia and flagella?
How many radial spokes are present in the structure of cilia and flagella?
The centrosome typically contains three centrioles.
The centrosome typically contains three centrioles.
What are the two structures that make up the centrosome?
What are the two structures that make up the centrosome?
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is called the ______.
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is called the ______.
Match the following components of the centrosome with their descriptions:
Match the following components of the centrosome with their descriptions:
What type of fibers is chromatin composed of?
What type of fibers is chromatin composed of?
Each peripheral fibril in the centriole is composed of doublet structures.
Each peripheral fibril in the centriole is composed of doublet structures.
Who first coined the term 'chromatin' for the nucleus material?
Who first coined the term 'chromatin' for the nucleus material?
What is the primary site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells?
What is the primary site of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells?
All eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus.
All eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus.
What type of structures store reserve material in prokaryotic cells?
What type of structures store reserve material in prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have a variety of complex __________ structures.
Eukaryotic cells have a variety of complex __________ structures.
Match the following components of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells with their characteristics:
Match the following components of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells with their characteristics:
What is the smallest type of cell mentioned?
What is the smallest type of cell mentioned?
Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.
Name one non-membrane bound organelle found in all cells.
Name one non-membrane bound organelle found in all cells.
The four basic shapes of bacteria are bacillus, coccus, vibrio, and ______.
The four basic shapes of bacteria are bacillus, coccus, vibrio, and ______.
Match the following types of cells with their descriptions:
Match the following types of cells with their descriptions:
Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Animal cells contain organelles that are not found in prokaryotic cells.
Animal cells contain organelles that are not found in prokaryotic cells.
Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and ______.
Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and ______.
What is the name of the space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast?
What is the name of the space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast?
The ribosomes in chloroplasts are larger than those found in the cytoplasm.
The ribosomes in chloroplasts are larger than those found in the cytoplasm.
What are the organized, flattened membranous sacs within the stroma of chloroplasts called?
What are the organized, flattened membranous sacs within the stroma of chloroplasts called?
What term describes the movement of water across a membrane from higher to lower concentration?
What term describes the movement of water across a membrane from higher to lower concentration?
Chlorophyll pigments are present in the __________ of the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll pigments are present in the __________ of the chloroplast.
The cell wall is a living structure that provides support to plant cells.
The cell wall is a living structure that provides support to plant cells.
Match the following structures with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following structures with their corresponding descriptions:
What type of transport moves ions or molecules against their concentration gradient using energy?
What type of transport moves ions or molecules against their concentration gradient using energy?
Which of the following is true regarding ribosomes?
Which of the following is true regarding ribosomes?
The main function of stroma in chloroplasts is to provide a site for light-dependent reactions.
The main function of stroma in chloroplasts is to provide a site for light-dependent reactions.
Match the following components of the endomembrane system with their functions:
Match the following components of the endomembrane system with their functions:
Which of the following substances are found in the cell wall of algae?
Which of the following substances are found in the cell wall of algae?
What are the two subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes?
What are the two subunits of prokaryotic ribosomes?
Plasmodesmata are structures that connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells.
Plasmodesmata are structures that connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells.
What is the primary role of the middle lamella in plant cells?
What is the primary role of the middle lamella in plant cells?
How many radial spokes connect the central sheath to the peripheral doublets in cilia and flagella?
How many radial spokes connect the central sheath to the peripheral doublets in cilia and flagella?
The centrioles in a centrosome are arranged parallel to each other.
The centrioles in a centrosome are arranged parallel to each other.
What protein is primarily used to form the triplets in the peripheral fibrils of centrioles?
What protein is primarily used to form the triplets in the peripheral fibrils of centrioles?
A centrosome contains two cylindrical structures known as __________.
A centrosome contains two cylindrical structures known as __________.
Match the following components of centrioles with their descriptions:
Match the following components of centrioles with their descriptions:
What is the primary role of the centrioles?
What is the primary role of the centrioles?
Chromatin is the material in the nucleus that is stained by basic dyes.
Chromatin is the material in the nucleus that is stained by basic dyes.
Which structure is responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Which structure is responsible for trapping light energy essential for photosynthesis in plant cells?
Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of macromolecules within lysosomes.
Ribosomes are involved in the breakdown of macromolecules within lysosomes.
What type of endoplasmic reticulum is associated with the synthesis of proteins?
What type of endoplasmic reticulum is associated with the synthesis of proteins?
The ______ is a membranous organelle composed of flattened sacs that packs and transports cell secretions.
The ______ is a membranous organelle composed of flattened sacs that packs and transports cell secretions.
What is the function of the chromatin network within the nucleus?
What is the function of the chromatin network within the nucleus?
Plastids are present in both plant and animal cells.
Plastids are present in both plant and animal cells.
What structure surrounds the nucleus and contains nuclear pores?
What structure surrounds the nucleus and contains nuclear pores?
Who proposed that all living organisms are composed of cells and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
Who proposed that all living organisms are composed of cells and that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
What is the outer boundary of a typical plant cell called?
What is the outer boundary of a typical plant cell called?
The ______ is the membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material in eukaryotic cells.
The ______ is the membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material in eukaryotic cells.
Match the following scientists with their contributions to cell theory:
Match the following scientists with their contributions to cell theory:
Which of the following statements correctly describes prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements correctly describes prokaryotic cells?
The cytoplasm is the site for most chemical reactions in both plant and animal cells.
The cytoplasm is the site for most chemical reactions in both plant and animal cells.
What term is used to describe cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus?
What term is used to describe cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus?
What is the primary characteristic of the lipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?
What is the primary characteristic of the lipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?
Integral proteins are only found on the surface of the plasma membrane.
Integral proteins are only found on the surface of the plasma membrane.
Name one important function of the plasma membrane.
Name one important function of the plasma membrane.
The plasma membrane is primarily composed of ______ and proteins.
The plasma membrane is primarily composed of ______ and proteins.
Match the following components of the plasma membrane with their roles:
Match the following components of the plasma membrane with their roles:
Which type of transport does not require energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane?
Which type of transport does not require energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane?
The fluid mosaic model describes a rigid structure of the cell membrane.
The fluid mosaic model describes a rigid structure of the cell membrane.
What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
What is the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?
The tonoplast is responsible for anchoring the vacuole to the cell membrane.
The tonoplast is responsible for anchoring the vacuole to the cell membrane.
What structures are formed by ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum and modified in the Golgi apparatus?
What structures are formed by ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum and modified in the Golgi apparatus?
Mitochondria are often referred to as the ______ of the cell.
Mitochondria are often referred to as the ______ of the cell.
Which statement about vacuoles is correct?
Which statement about vacuoles is correct?
Mitochondria have a single membrane structure.
Mitochondria have a single membrane structure.
The hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes are most active at an ________ pH.
The hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes are most active at an ________ pH.
Which structure is referred to as the space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast?
Which structure is referred to as the space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast?
Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana within the stroma of chloroplasts.
Thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana within the stroma of chloroplasts.
What type of pigments are present in the thylakoids?
What type of pigments are present in the thylakoids?
The ribosomes of chloroplasts are smaller and classified as ______ ribosomes.
The ribosomes of chloroplasts are smaller and classified as ______ ribosomes.
Match the following ribosome types with their corresponding characteristics:
Match the following ribosome types with their corresponding characteristics:
What connects the thylakoids of different grana?
What connects the thylakoids of different grana?
Who first observed ribosomes under the electron microscope?
Who first observed ribosomes under the electron microscope?
Both chloroplasts and prokaryotic ribosomes contain membrane-bound structures.
Both chloroplasts and prokaryotic ribosomes contain membrane-bound structures.
Flagella and cilia are both involved in cell movement.
Flagella and cilia are both involved in cell movement.
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella is true?
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella is true?
Cilia work like ______ to move the cell or surrounding fluid.
Cilia work like ______ to move the cell or surrounding fluid.
The axoneme of cilia and flagella contains a combination of microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
The axoneme of cilia and flagella contains a combination of microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
Which type of chromosome has a centromere located in the middle, resulting in two equal arms?
Which type of chromosome has a centromere located in the middle, resulting in two equal arms?
The kinetochore is found at the ends of chromosomes.
The kinetochore is found at the ends of chromosomes.
What is the primary function of the centrosome during cell division?
What is the primary function of the centrosome during cell division?
The __________ are specialized structures formed by the centrioles that aid in cell division.
The __________ are specialized structures formed by the centrioles that aid in cell division.
Match the following types of chromosomes with their descriptions:
Match the following types of chromosomes with their descriptions:
Which of the following statements about chromatin is correct?
Which of the following statements about chromatin is correct?
All human cells have the same length of DNA distributed among their chromosomes.
All human cells have the same length of DNA distributed among their chromosomes.
What feature characterizes a satellite in some chromosomes?
What feature characterizes a satellite in some chromosomes?
Which structure is responsible for cell division in animal cells?
Which structure is responsible for cell division in animal cells?
All prokaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
All prokaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
What is the smallest known type of cell?
What is the smallest known type of cell?
Which of the following statements is true regarding ribosomes?
Which of the following statements is true regarding ribosomes?
Match the following cell types with their primary shapes:
Match the following cell types with their primary shapes:
Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
How do the shapes of cells vary?
How do the shapes of cells vary?
What is the main characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
What is the main characteristic of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
Integral proteins are fully embedded within the cell membrane.
Integral proteins are fully embedded within the cell membrane.
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
The __________ model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a fluid mosaic.
The __________ model describes the structure of the plasma membrane as a fluid mosaic.
Match the following components of the cell membrane with their main roles:
Match the following components of the cell membrane with their main roles:
Which type of transport allows molecules to move across the membrane without the use of energy?
Which type of transport allows molecules to move across the membrane without the use of energy?
The cell membrane restricts the movement of all types of molecules equally.
The cell membrane restricts the movement of all types of molecules equally.
What is the primary role of the centrioles in a centrosome?
What is the primary role of the centrioles in a centrosome?
The radial spokes in cilia and flagella only serve aesthetic functions.
The radial spokes in cilia and flagella only serve aesthetic functions.
What are the structures called that link adjacent triplets in centrioles?
What are the structures called that link adjacent triplets in centrioles?
The middle lamella is a layer made mainly of calcium pectate that helps glue neighboring cells together.
The middle lamella is a layer made mainly of calcium pectate that helps glue neighboring cells together.
What process requires energy and moves ions or molecules against their concentration gradient?
What process requires energy and moves ions or molecules against their concentration gradient?
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is known as the ______.
The central part of the proximal region of the centriole is known as the ______.
Algae have a cell wall made of __________, galactans, mannans, and minerals.
Algae have a cell wall made of __________, galactans, mannans, and minerals.
Match the components of the centrosome with their descriptions:
Match the components of the centrosome with their descriptions:
How are the centrioles in a centrosome arranged?
How are the centrioles in a centrosome arranged?
The substance that makes up the nucleoli is mainly _____.
The substance that makes up the nucleoli is mainly _____.
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
Which of the following structures is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
Plasmodesmata allow for direct connection of the cytoplasm between neighboring plant cells.
Plasmodesmata allow for direct connection of the cytoplasm between neighboring plant cells.
The chromatin in the interphase nucleus is compact and inactive.
The chromatin in the interphase nucleus is compact and inactive.
What is the rigid outer covering of fungal and plant cells called?
What is the rigid outer covering of fungal and plant cells called?
What did Matthias Schleiden contribute to the cell theory?
What did Matthias Schleiden contribute to the cell theory?
The plasma membrane is unique to plant cells.
The plasma membrane is unique to plant cells.
Who first explained that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells?
Who first explained that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells?
Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are referred to as ______.
Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are referred to as ______.
Match the following structures to their characteristics:
Match the following structures to their characteristics:
Which component is not a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which component is not a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
The nucleus contains mitochondria.
The nucleus contains mitochondria.
What structure is responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
What structure is responsible for cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?
Which type of chromosome has the centromere located in the middle?
Which type of chromosome has the centromere located in the middle?
Chromatin consists only of DNA and histones.
Chromatin consists only of DNA and histones.
The __________ is a small fragment that appears due to non-staining secondary constrictions on some chromosomes.
The __________ is a small fragment that appears due to non-staining secondary constrictions on some chromosomes.
Which chromosome type is formed when the centromere is located close to one end?
Which chromosome type is formed when the centromere is located close to one end?
Identify the types of microbodies found in both plant and animal cells.
Identify the types of microbodies found in both plant and animal cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and organelles.
Eukaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus and organelles.
Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cytoplasm
The fluid matrix inside a prokaryotic cell, lacking a defined nucleus.
Prokaryotic DNA
Prokaryotic DNA
Naked, circular DNA (chromosome) not enclosed in a membrane.
Plasmids in Bacteria
Plasmids in Bacteria
Small circular DNA molecules separate from the main chromosome, conferring traits like antibiotic resistance.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
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Mesosome
Mesosome
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Cell Envelope (Prokaryotes)
Cell Envelope (Prokaryotes)
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Bacterial Cell Wall
Bacterial Cell Wall
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Glycocalyx
Glycocalyx
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Plasma Membrane Composition
Plasma Membrane Composition
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Phospholipid Bilayer
Phospholipid Bilayer
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Membrane Proteins (Integral/Peripheral)
Membrane Proteins (Integral/Peripheral)
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Fluid Mosaic Model
Fluid Mosaic Model
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Membrane Fluidity
Membrane Fluidity
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Passive Transport
Passive Transport
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Simple Diffusion
Simple Diffusion
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Selective Permeability
Selective Permeability
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
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Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
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Cis face of Golgi
Cis face of Golgi
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Trans face of Golgi
Trans face of Golgi
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Cisternae
Cisternae
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Protein Secretion
Protein Secretion
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Centrosome Structure
Centrosome Structure
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Centriole Structure
Centriole Structure
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Radial Spoke
Radial Spoke
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Cilia/Flagella Basal Body
Cilia/Flagella Basal Body
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Nucleus Function
Nucleus Function
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Interphase Nucleus
Interphase Nucleus
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Chromatin
Chromatin
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Nucleolus
Nucleolus
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What does the nucleus do?
What does the nucleus do?
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What are the two types of ER?
What are the two types of ER?
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What are lysosomes?
What are lysosomes?
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What are ribosomes?
What are ribosomes?
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What are mitochondria?
What are mitochondria?
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What are plastids?
What are plastids?
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
What is the function of chloroplasts?
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What is the nuclear envelope?
What is the nuclear envelope?
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Chromatin Composition
Chromatin Composition
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Chromosome Structure
Chromosome Structure
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Chromosome Types
Chromosome Types
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Kinetochore
Kinetochore
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Secondary Constriction
Secondary Constriction
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Centromere
Centromere
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Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
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Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
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Cell Envelope
Cell Envelope
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Cell Wall
Cell Wall
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Plasma Membrane
Plasma Membrane
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What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
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Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
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Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
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Microtubules
Microtubules
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Microfilaments
Microfilaments
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Intermediate Filaments
Intermediate Filaments
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Cilia vs. Flagella
Cilia vs. Flagella
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9+2 Array
9+2 Array
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What is the axoneme?
What is the axoneme?
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Prokaryotic Flagella
Prokaryotic Flagella
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Cell Wall Function
Cell Wall Function
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Middle Lamella
Middle Lamella
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Endomembrane System
Endomembrane System
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Why Are Mitochondria and Chloroplasts NOT Part of the Endomembrane System?
Why Are Mitochondria and Chloroplasts NOT Part of the Endomembrane System?
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What is the role of the plasma membrane in transport?
What is the role of the plasma membrane in transport?
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What is chromatin made of?
What is chromatin made of?
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What is a centromere?
What is a centromere?
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What are kinetochores?
What are kinetochores?
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What are the types of chromosomes based on centromere position?
What are the types of chromosomes based on centromere position?
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What is a secondary constriction?
What is a secondary constriction?
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What is the function of microbodies?
What is the function of microbodies?
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What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the cell envelope in prokaryotes?
What is the cell envelope in prokaryotes?
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What are centrioles made of?
What are centrioles made of?
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What's the hub in a centriole?
What's the hub in a centriole?
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What do centrioles form?
What do centrioles form?
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What is chromatin?
What is chromatin?
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What is a nucleolus?
What is a nucleolus?
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What is the function of the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus?
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What is the difference between the interphase nucleus and a dividing nucleus?
What is the difference between the interphase nucleus and a dividing nucleus?
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What is the central sheath?
What is the central sheath?
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Gram-Positive Bacteria
Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Gram-Negative Bacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
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Capsule
Capsule
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Slime Layer
Slime Layer
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Chromatophores
Chromatophores
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Flagella
Flagella
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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Cristae
Cristae
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Mitochondria Function
Mitochondria Function
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Matrix (Mitochondria)
Matrix (Mitochondria)
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Plastids
Plastids
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Leucoplasts
Leucoplasts
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Amyloplasts
Amyloplasts
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Central Tubules (Cilia/Flagella)
Central Tubules (Cilia/Flagella)
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Peripheral Doublets
Peripheral Doublets
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Centrioles
Centrioles
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Hub (Centriole)
Hub (Centriole)
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Basal Body
Basal Body
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Nucleus: Control Center
Nucleus: Control Center
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Production and Transport
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Production and Transport
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Golgi Body: Packaging and Shipping
Golgi Body: Packaging and Shipping
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Lysosomes: Cellular Recycling Center
Lysosomes: Cellular Recycling Center
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Ribosomes: Protein Factories
Ribosomes: Protein Factories
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Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the Cell
Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the Cell
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Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis Engine
Chloroplasts: Photosynthesis Engine
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Cell Theory: The Foundation of Biology
Cell Theory: The Foundation of Biology
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ER: What is it?
ER: What is it?
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Rough ER
Rough ER
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Smooth ER
Smooth ER
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Golgi Apparatus Function
Golgi Apparatus Function
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What are cisternae?
What are cisternae?
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ER and Golgi Connection
ER and Golgi Connection
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Mitochondria & Chloroplasts: Not Endomembrane System
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts: Not Endomembrane System
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Plasma Membrane in Transport
Plasma Membrane in Transport
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Ribosomes in Prokaryotes
Ribosomes in Prokaryotes
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Shapes of Prokaryotes
Shapes of Prokaryotes
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Prokaryotic Cell Wall
Prokaryotic Cell Wall
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Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma
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Prokaryotic Ribosomes
Prokaryotic Ribosomes
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Polyribosomes
Polyribosomes
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Inclusion Bodies
Inclusion Bodies
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Gas Vacuoles
Gas Vacuoles
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Eukaryotic Cell Compartmentalization
Eukaryotic Cell Compartmentalization
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Nucleus Role
Nucleus Role
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ER Types
ER Types
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Golgi Body Function
Golgi Body Function
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Lysosome Function
Lysosome Function
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Ribosome Function
Ribosome Function
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Chloroplast Function
Chloroplast Function
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Nuclear Envelope Structure
Nuclear Envelope Structure
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Centriole Function
Centriole Function
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Peripheral Doublets (Cilia/Flagella)
Peripheral Doublets (Cilia/Flagella)
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Radial Spokes (Cilia/Flagella)
Radial Spokes (Cilia/Flagella)
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Stroma
Stroma
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Thylakoids
Thylakoids
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Grana (singular: granum)
Grana (singular: granum)
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Stroma lamellae
Stroma lamellae
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Lumen
Lumen
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll
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Ribosomes in Chloroplasts
Ribosomes in Chloroplasts
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Circular DNA in Chloroplasts
Circular DNA in Chloroplasts
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Plasma Membrane Structure
Plasma Membrane Structure
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Integral vs. Peripheral Proteins
Integral vs. Peripheral Proteins
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Concentration Gradient
Concentration Gradient
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Cell Theory
Cell Theory
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Organelles
Organelles
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Vacuole Function
Vacuole Function
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Tonoplast
Tonoplast
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Mitochondrion Structure
Mitochondrion Structure
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Mitochondrial Cristae
Mitochondrial Cristae
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Mitochondrial Matrix
Mitochondrial Matrix
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Contractile Vacuole
Contractile Vacuole
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Grana
Grana
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Ribosomes (Chloroplast)
Ribosomes (Chloroplast)
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Chloroplast DNA
Chloroplast DNA
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Cilia
Cilia
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Axoneme
Axoneme
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Microbodies
Microbodies
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Matthias Schleiden
Matthias Schleiden
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Theodore Schwann
Theodore Schwann
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Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Virchow
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Cell Wall (Prokaryotic)
Cell Wall (Prokaryotic)
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Bacterial Shapes
Bacterial Shapes
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Cell Size
Cell Size
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Integral Proteins
Integral Proteins
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Peripheral Proteins
Peripheral Proteins
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Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
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What are centrioles?
What are centrioles?
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What do radial spokes do in centrioles?
What do radial spokes do in centrioles?
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What's the difference between interphase nucleus and dividing nucleus?
What's the difference between interphase nucleus and dividing nucleus?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- All living organisms are composed of cells and products of cells.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Cell Structure
- Cells are the basic units of life.
- Unicellular organisms consist of a single cell.
- Multicellular organisms have many cells.
- A typical eukaryotic cell has a cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm.
- Plant cells have a cell wall outside the cell membrane.
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable, facilitating transport.
- The endomembrane system includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
- The nucleus contains nucleoli and chromatin.
Cell Organelles
- Mitochondria: Double membrane-bound, sites of aerobic respiration, producing ATP ("powerhouses").
- Plastids: Found in plant cells, containing pigments (chloroplasts for photosynthesis, chromoplasts for color, leucoplasts for storage).
- Ribosomes: Involved in protein synthesis, found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranes, rough ER with ribosomes for protein synthesis, smooth ER for lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Golgi apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
- Lysosomes: Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion.
- Vacuoles: Membrane-bound sacs, storing water, waste products, and other substances. In plant cells, vacuoles take up most of the space.
- Centrosomes and centrioles: Involved in cell division, part of the cytoskeleton.
- Cilia and flagella: Motile appendages, for locomotion (similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
- Microbodies: Membrane-bound vesicles containing certain enzymes.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.
- Have a cell wall
- Have a glycocalyx
- Have a plasma membrane.
- Possess ribosomes.
- Have unique inclusions.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.
- Often larger than prokaryotic cells.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of cell theory, structure, and organelles in this quiz. Understand how cells function as the basic units of life and the differences between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Test your knowledge of essential cell components and their roles.
