Questions and Answers
What is the role of the cell nucleus?
The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
What are the functions of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton?
Vacuoles store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules. The cytoskeleton helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in movement.
What organelles help make and transport proteins?
Ribosomes, rough ER, and Golgi apparatus help make and transport proteins.
What are the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is cytoplasm?
Signup and view all the answers
What are organelles?
Signup and view all the answers
What are vacuoles?
Signup and view all the answers
What do lysosomes do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cytoskeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
What are microfilaments?
Signup and view all the answers
What are microtubules?
Signup and view all the answers
What are centrioles?
Signup and view all the answers
What are ribosomes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Golgi apparatus?
Signup and view all the answers
What do chloroplasts do?
Signup and view all the answers
What do mitochondria do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cell wall?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a lipid bilayer?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Most biological membranes are selectively permeable.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cell Nucleus
- Contains nearly all of the cell's DNA.
- Provides coded instructions for protein synthesis and production of important molecules.
Vacuoles, Lysosomes, and Cytoskeleton
- Vacuoles: Store materials like water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.
- Lysosomes: Break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins; also degrade worn-out organelles.
- Cytoskeleton: Maintains cell shape and facilitates movement.
Protein Synthesis and Transport
- Ribosomes: Sites for protein assembly, found throughout the cytoplasm.
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Produces proteins for secretion and membrane proteins.
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the ER for storage or export.
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts: Capture sunlight energy, convert it to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
- Mitochondria: Convert chemical energy from food into usable cellular compounds.
Cell Membrane
- Regulates entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.
- Provides protection and support to the cell.
Cytoplasm
- The portion of the cell found outside the nucleus.
Organelles
- Defined as mini organs, each performing a specific function within the cell.
Microfilaments and Microtubules
- Microfilaments: Threadlike structures composed of actin protein.
- Microtubules: Hollow structures formed from tubulin proteins.
Centrioles
- Located near the nucleus; play a role in organizing cell division.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Site for the assembly of lipid components and proteins that are exported from the cell.
Cell Wall
- A supportive and protective layer surrounding the cell membrane, found in plant cells.
Lipid Bilayer
- Comprises the cell membrane structure, forming a barrier between internal and external environments.
Selectively Permeable
- Biological membranes allow certain substances to pass while blocking others.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of cell biology concepts including the cell nucleus, vacuoles, lysosomes, cytoskeleton, protein synthesis, and energy organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. This quiz covers the essential structures and functions of cells vital for life.