Cell Biology: Organism Types and Structures

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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of a unicellular organism?

  • Carries out all life processes
  • Composed of many cells
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Consists of only a single cell

All cells, whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic, contain structures known as ______ which perform essential functions.

organelles

What is the function of the cell wall?

Attaches the cells to surfaces.

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

<p>Regulatory center of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cytoplasm in a cell?

<p>Holds the components of the cell and protects them from damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

<p>Provides structural strength and support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of flagella and cilia?

<p>Used for movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the nucleus in a cell?

<p>Control center of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

<p>Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

<p>It contains the genetic information in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes?

<p>Is responsible for making proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins and lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

<p>Transport system of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

<p>Is where most of the cell’s ATP is produced. It is also called as the powerhouse if the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lysosome?

<p>Is the digestive system of the cell which degrades and recycle cellular waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vacuole?

<p>Stores water and other excess materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

<p>Is a semifluid matrix where organelles are suspended</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Unicellular organism

An organism that consists of only one cell, which performs all life processes.

Multicellular organism

An organism composed of many cells, with each cell performing specific functions.

Prokaryotic cell

A type of cell that does not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cell

A type of cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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Cell structures

Internal components of cells, each with a specific function.

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Cell attachment

Structures that allow cells to adhere to surfaces.

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Cell nucleus

The control center of a cell.

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Cell membrane

The outer boundary of a cell, regulating what enters and leaves.

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Cytoplasm

The jelly-like substance filling the cell.

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Cell wall

Provides support and protection to the cell.

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Cellular movement

Structures enabling movement of the cell.

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Nucleus

Control center containing genetic material.

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Nuclear envelope

Controls the entry and exit of materials to and from the nucleus.

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DNA

Genetic material that controls cell function.

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Ribosomes

Structures responsible for protein synthesis.

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Golgi apparatus

Organelle that sorts and modifies proteins and lipids.

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Endoplasmic reticulum

The transport system of the cell.

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Mitochondria

The 'powerhouse' of the cell, producing energy.

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Lysosomes

The digestive system of the cell.

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Vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs that store water and other materials.

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Study Notes

Types of Organisms Based on Cell Structure

  • Single-celled organisms perform all life functions within a single cell.
  • Multicellular organisms have many cells, each with specialized functions.

Cellular Structures (General)

  • All cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, contain various structures.

Cellular Structures (Specific)

  • Cell Membrane: Attaches the cell to surfaces.
  • Nucleus: Regulatory center of the cell.
  • Cytoplasm: Holds cell components, protects them from damage; semifluid matrix suspending organelles.
  • Cytoskeleton: Provides structural strength and support.
  • Flagella/Cilia: Used for movement.
  • Nucleolus: Control center of the cell.
  • Nuclear Pores: Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus.
  • Chromosomes: Contain genetic information in the nucleus.
  • Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis.
  • Golgi Apparatus: Sorts and packages proteins and lipids.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transport system of the cell.
  • Mitochondria: Site of ATP production (the cell's powerhouse).
  • Lysosomes: Digestive system, degrades and recycles cellular waste.
  • Vacuoles: Store water and excess materials.

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