Cell Biology: Nucleus and Organelles

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Questions and Answers

Where are lipid and protein build in a cell?

Cytoplasm

Lysosome

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (correct)

Golgi apparatus

What happens to the vesicles containing lipid and protein after synthesis?

They stay in the ER

They move out of the cell

They move through the cytoplasm (correct)

They move into the nucleus

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis?

To complete protein synthesis (correct)

To secrete proteins

To store proteins

To break down proteins

What is the final stage of protein synthesis mentioned in the passage?

Complete synthesis in the Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vesicles in protein synthesis?

To transport proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

To synthesize RNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

To separate the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the nuclear envelope?

It is a double-layered structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pores in the nuclear envelope?

To facilitate the passage of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cell organelles?

They are highly organized physical structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

To separate the cell from its environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of microtubules?

Straight hollow cylinders Signup and view all the answers

What is the cell membrane boundaries?

between the inside and outside of the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of microtubules in cell division?

To form spindle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cell membrane in relation to the environment?

To separate the cell from its environment Signup and view all the answers

Which protein makes up microtubules?

Tubulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell membrane in the cell?

To separate the cell from its environment Signup and view all the answers

What is another function of microtubules besides cell division?

Forming cilia and flagella Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the cell membrane?

It is selectively permeable to certain substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for the structure that microtubules are a part of?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

What is being moved along with Na+ in the symport process?

Fructose Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy source for the symport process?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of movement of substances in the symport process?

Same direction Signup and view all the answers

Which ion is moved in the opposite direction of Na+ in the symport process?

K+ Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a participant in the symport process?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure

The nuclear envelope is a double-layered structure that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
The nuclear envelope contains pores that allow for the passage of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

The nucleolus is a membrane-less organelle within the nucleus.
It contains a large amount of RNA and proteins.
The nucleolus is responsible for the synthesis of RNA.

Cell Organelles

Cell organelles are highly organized physical structures.
Lipid and protein build-up in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are transported in vesicles.
The ER contains enzymes for the complete synthesis of proteins.
Vesicles move through the cytoplasm and fuse with the Golgi apparatus.

Microtubules

Microtubules are straight, hollow cylinders composed of tubulin protein.
They form part of the cytoskeleton.
Microtubules have two main functions:
- They are involved in cell division, forming spindle fibers.
- They are components of cilia and flagella.

Cell Membrane and Transport

The cell membrane is the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell.
It separates the cell from its environment.
There are three types of transport through the cell membrane:
- Passive transport, which does not require ATP.
- Symport, where substances are moved in the same direction, requiring ATP.
- Antiport, where substances are moved in opposite directions, also requiring ATP.