Mitochondria and Peroxisomes: Ultrastructure and Metabolic States

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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic appearance of an adipocyte due to the presence of a nucleus in the rim of cytoplasm?

  • Ring-shaped
  • Signet ring (correct)
  • Circular
  • Oval-shaped

What is the purpose of the Azan staining method in microscopy?

  • To distinguish between different types of cell death
  • To highlight the presence of lipofuscin in neurons
  • To pick out the nuclei and nucleoli in cells (correct)
  • To visualize the structure of lipid droplets

What type of cells are often found within the delicate connective tissue stroma along with adipocytes?

  • Neurofilaments
  • Mast cells (correct)
  • Fibroblasts
  • Neurotubules

What is the primary component of lipofuscin in neurons?

<p>Melanin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen granules in the liver cell cytoplasm?

<p>To serve as a ready source of energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the appearance of microtrabecular lattices between PEG-TEM and epoxy sections?

<p>Epoxy shows fuzzy strands, while PEG-TEM shows distinct strands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphology of adipocytes in white adipose tissue?

<p>Spherical profile with a single large fat-containing vacuole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of strands that occupy the cytoplasmic matrix between membranous organelles?

<p>Microtrabecular lattices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of blood vessels that are mostly present in the stroma between adipocytes?

<p>Capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of a necrotic cell observed under TEM?

<p>Disruption of plasma membrane and organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of peripheral proteins in lipid droplets?

<p>To regulate lipid metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of microtubules in a dividing cell?

<p>Separating chromosomes during mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic arrangement of glycogen granules in the liver cell cytoplasm?

<p>Forming characteristic aggregates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are likely to have a nucleus that is not included in the plane of section of a given cell due to their relatively large size?

<p>Adipocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the H&E staining method in microscopy?

<p>To provide a general overview of cellular morphology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of lipofuscin in neurons?

<p>It is a type of brown pigment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell when they exhibit a condensed morphology?

<p>Production of ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microscopy technique is used to visualize the intermediate filaments in the apical part of an epithelial cell?

<p>Quick-freeze deep-etch technique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the bar scale of the micrograph in Figure 2?

<p>0.1 um (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the apoptosis and necrosis processes?

<p>Apoptosis involves surface blebbing, while necrosis involves numerous lesions on the cell surface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organelle that exhibits a matrix of moderate electron density under TEM?

<p>Peroxisomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nuclear envelope in normal cells?

<p>To regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of mitochondria when they are producing ATP?

<p>State III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the actin-binding proteins in the terminal web of an epithelial cell?

<p>Cross-linking actin filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnification of the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image shown in Figure 2?

<p>x 10,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the nuclear envelope observed in apoptotic cells using FF (freeze-fracture) technique?

<p>Clustering of nuclear pores (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the network of actin filaments that anchors the microvilli in an epithelial cell?

<p>Terminal web (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the apoptotic cell shown in Figure 4?

<p>Surface blebbing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the microfilament arrays in microvilli?

<p>Forming the core of microvilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the SEM image of an apoptotic cell (Figure 4) and a necrotic cell (Figure 3)?

<p>Apoptotic cells have surface blebbing, while necrotic cells have numerous lesions on the cell surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the organelles in the apoptotic cell shown in Figure 2?

<p>They are well-preserved and normal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnification of the FF image shown in Figure 5?

<p>x 30,000 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the axonal microtubules in an axon?

<p>To transport molecules along the axon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the filaments found in nerve cells that provide internal support?

<p>Neurofilaments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the magnification of the micrograph showing the basal body of a cilium?

<p>X15,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the organelle that anchors the axoneme to the apical cytoplasm?

<p>Basal body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the glycocalyx in the microvilli?

<p>To contain enzymes for late stages of macromolecule digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell is shown in the micrograph with numerous very long stereocilia?

<p>Epithelial cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the technique used to observe the internal structure of cells?

<p>Transmission electron microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of satellite cells in dorsal root ganglia?

<p>To support sensory nerve cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are rRNA processed and associated with ribosomal proteins?

<p>Nucleolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fibrillar centers in the nucleolus?

<p>Transcription of rRNA genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that runs along the long axis of each chromosome?

<p>Protein scaffold (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the granular material in the nucleolus?

<p>Represents the site of initial rRNA synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the nucleolus in the cell?

<p>To transcribe and process rRNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus in cells?

<p>To assemble and modify ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of heterochromatin in the nucleus?

<p>It is more highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is DNA organized during transcription?

<p>It forms 300 nm loops that are stabilized by protein scaffolds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the network formed by the granular and fibrillar material in the nucleolus?

<p>Nucleolonema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of the nuclear lamina?

<p>It is associated with the periphery of the nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated length of the DNA molecule in a human cell?

<p>100,000 times longer than the nuclear diameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleolus in the cell?

<p>Synthesizing ribosomal RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of heterochromatin?

<p>Found at the periphery of the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of further folding of chromatin?

<p>Chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

<p>To assemble ribosomal subunits from rRNA and ribosomal proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of euchromatin in the interstices of the nuclear envelope?

<p>It is loosely coiled and transcriptionally active (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of heterochromatin in the vicinity of the nucleolus?

<p>It is a region of compacted chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) carried out?

<p>In the nucleolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of the partially assembled ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus?

<p>They are exported to the cytoplasm for further processing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the complex formed by DNA and structural proteins?

<p>Chromatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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