60 Questions
What is the characteristic appearance of an adipocyte due to the presence of a nucleus in the rim of cytoplasm?
Signet ring
What is the purpose of the Azan staining method in microscopy?
To pick out the nuclei and nucleoli in cells
What type of cells are often found within the delicate connective tissue stroma along with adipocytes?
Mast cells
What is the primary component of lipofuscin in neurons?
Melanin
What is the primary function of glycogen granules in the liver cell cytoplasm?
To serve as a ready source of energy
What is the difference in the appearance of microtrabecular lattices between PEG-TEM and epoxy sections?
Epoxy shows fuzzy strands, while PEG-TEM shows distinct strands
What is the characteristic morphology of adipocytes in white adipose tissue?
Spherical profile with a single large fat-containing vacuole
What is the term for the network of strands that occupy the cytoplasmic matrix between membranous organelles?
Microtrabecular lattices
What is the term for the type of blood vessels that are mostly present in the stroma between adipocytes?
Capillaries
What is the characteristic feature of a necrotic cell observed under TEM?
Disruption of plasma membrane and organelles
What is the function of peripheral proteins in lipid droplets?
To regulate lipid metabolism
What is the main function of microtubules in a dividing cell?
Separating chromosomes during mitosis
What is the characteristic arrangement of glycogen granules in the liver cell cytoplasm?
Forming characteristic aggregates
What type of cells are likely to have a nucleus that is not included in the plane of section of a given cell due to their relatively large size?
Adipocytes
What is the purpose of the H&E staining method in microscopy?
To provide a general overview of cellular morphology
What is the characteristic feature of lipofuscin in neurons?
It is a type of brown pigment
What is the primary function of the mitochondria in a cell when they exhibit a condensed morphology?
Production of ATP
Which microscopy technique is used to visualize the intermediate filaments in the apical part of an epithelial cell?
Quick-freeze deep-etch technique
What is the bar scale of the micrograph in Figure 2?
0.1 um
What is the main difference between the apoptosis and necrosis processes?
Apoptosis involves surface blebbing, while necrosis involves numerous lesions on the cell surface
What is the name of the organelle that exhibits a matrix of moderate electron density under TEM?
Peroxisomes
What is the function of the nuclear envelope in normal cells?
To regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
What is the term for the state of mitochondria when they are producing ATP?
State III
What is the purpose of the actin-binding proteins in the terminal web of an epithelial cell?
Cross-linking actin filaments
What is the magnification of the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) image shown in Figure 2?
x 10,000
What is the characteristic feature of the nuclear envelope observed in apoptotic cells using FF (freeze-fracture) technique?
Clustering of nuclear pores
What is the term for the network of actin filaments that anchors the microvilli in an epithelial cell?
Terminal web
What is the characteristic feature of the apoptotic cell shown in Figure 4?
Surface blebbing
What is the function of the microfilament arrays in microvilli?
Forming the core of microvilli
What is the main difference between the SEM image of an apoptotic cell (Figure 4) and a necrotic cell (Figure 3)?
Apoptotic cells have surface blebbing, while necrotic cells have numerous lesions on the cell surface
What is the characteristic feature of the organelles in the apoptotic cell shown in Figure 2?
They are well-preserved and normal
What is the magnification of the FF image shown in Figure 5?
x 30,000
What is the primary function of the axonal microtubules in an axon?
To transport molecules along the axon
What is the name of the filaments found in nerve cells that provide internal support?
Neurofilaments
What is the magnification of the micrograph showing the basal body of a cilium?
X15,000
What is the name of the organelle that anchors the axoneme to the apical cytoplasm?
Basal body
What is the purpose of the glycocalyx in the microvilli?
To contain enzymes for late stages of macromolecule digestion
What type of cell is shown in the micrograph with numerous very long stereocilia?
Epithelial cell
What is the name of the technique used to observe the internal structure of cells?
Transmission electron microscopy
What is the function of satellite cells in dorsal root ganglia?
To support sensory nerve cells
Where are rRNA processed and associated with ribosomal proteins?
Nucleolus
What is the function of the fibrillar centers in the nucleolus?
Transcription of rRNA genes
What is the structure that runs along the long axis of each chromosome?
Protein scaffold
What is the characteristic of the granular material in the nucleolus?
Represents the site of initial rRNA synthesis
What is the purpose of the nucleolus in the cell?
To transcribe and process rRNA
What is the primary function of the nucleolus in cells?
To assemble and modify ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
What is the characteristic feature of heterochromatin in the nucleus?
It is more highly condensed and transcriptionally inactive
How is DNA organized during transcription?
It forms 300 nm loops that are stabilized by protein scaffolds
What is the name of the network formed by the granular and fibrillar material in the nucleolus?
Nucleolonema
What is the characteristic feature of the nuclear lamina?
It is associated with the periphery of the nucleus
What is the estimated length of the DNA molecule in a human cell?
100,000 times longer than the nuclear diameter
What is the function of the nucleolus in the cell?
Synthesizing ribosomal RNA
What is the characteristic of heterochromatin?
Found at the periphery of the nucleus
What is the result of further folding of chromatin?
Chromosomes
What is the primary function of the nucleolus?
To assemble ribosomal subunits from rRNA and ribosomal proteins
What is the characteristic of euchromatin in the interstices of the nuclear envelope?
It is loosely coiled and transcriptionally active
What is the role of heterochromatin in the vicinity of the nucleolus?
It is a region of compacted chromatin that is transcriptionally inactive
Where is the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) carried out?
In the nucleolus
What is the fate of the partially assembled ribosomal subunits in the nucleolus?
They are exported to the cytoplasm for further processing
What is the name of the complex formed by DNA and structural proteins?
Chromatin
Explore the ultrastructural features of peroxisomes and mitochondria under different metabolic conditions. Learn about the morphology of mitochondria in state III and state IV, and identify the characteristics of peroxisomes. Test your knowledge of cell biology and cellular respiration!
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