Questions and Answers
Which of the following are membranous organelles? (Select all that apply)
What does the nucleus contain?
Chromosomal DNA (chromatin), nucleoplasm, and nucleoli.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Generating ATP as the cell's energy supply.
What is contained in the mitochondrial matrix?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Signup and view all the answers
Rough ER has attached ribosomes.
Signup and view all the answers
Smooth ER functions in protein synthesis.
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Signup and view all the answers
What do lysosomes contain?
Signup and view all the answers
What are peroxisomes responsible for?
Signup and view all the answers
What do ribosomes consist of?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Signup and view all the answers
What are microtubules composed of?
Signup and view all the answers
What are centrioles used for during cell division?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of cilia?
Signup and view all the answers
What do microvilli do?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Membranous Organelles
- Mitochondria: Known as "cellular power plants," they produce about 95% of a cell's ATP, essential for energy.
- Nucleus: Houses chromosomal DNA (chromatin) and nucleolus; crucial for genetic information transmission.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Comprised of tubules and vesicles, it plays a role in synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
- Golgi Apparatus: Made of flattened membrane-bound stacks (cisternae), it packages materials for lysosomes and secretory vesicles.
- Lysosomes: Membrane-walled sacs filled with digestive enzymes that digest unwanted substances, including organelles and pathogens.
- Peroxisomes: Small sacs containing oxidases and catalases that detoxify harmful peroxides.
Non-Membranous Organelles
- Cytoskeleton: An internal protein network that provides support, shape, and intracellular movement within the cell.
- Ribosomes: Complexes of RNA and proteins that act as sites for protein synthesis; can be free in the cytosol or fixed to the ER.
- Centrioles: Barrel-shaped structures involved in cell division and the formation of cilia and flagella.
- Cilia: Hair-like projections that facilitate fluid movement across cell surfaces through rhythmic beating.
- Flagella: Whip-like structures that propel cells through fluid environments.
- Microvilli: Tiny projections that increase cell surface area, aiding in absorption and secretion.
Specialized Features of Organelles
- Mitochondrial Matrix: The inner space critical for ATP production, containing ATP synthase.
- Rough ER: Ribosome-studded, responsible for synthesizing and packaging proteins for secretion.
- Smooth ER: Lacks ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification processes.
Fiber Types in Cytoskeleton
- Microtubules: Protein tubulin polymers providing cell shape, organelle movement, and aiding in cell division.
- Microfilaments: Composed of actin, contributing to cellular structure and movement.
- Intermediate Filaments: Provide mechanical strength and support for organelles, aiding in material transport.
- Thick Filaments: Primarily made of myosin; involved in muscle contraction and cell movement.
Functional Aspects of Organelles
- Transport vesicles: Move materials between the RER and Golgi apparatus.
- Digestive function of lysosomes: Break down various cellular components and pathogens.
- Cilia and flagella movement: Essential in various cellular processes, including locomotion and nutrient movement across surfaces.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on membranous and non-membranous organelles in cells. This quiz covers key functions and structures such as mitochondria, the nucleus, and lysosomes, providing a comprehensive overview of cell biology. Perfect for biology students seeking to reinforce their understanding of cellular components.