Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which of the following best describes the structure of mitochondria?
In which cells is the Golgi apparatus especially prominent?
What is the matrix of mitochondria known to contain?
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Which statement about mitochondria is true?
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Study Notes
Golgi Apparatus
- Composed of a stack of flattened membranous sacs, known as cisternae.
- One side fuses with vesicles from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).
- The opposite side forms vesicles which pinch off from the margins.
- Present in all cells, particularly abundant in secretory and metabolically active cells.
- Functions in synthesizing specific biochemicals, including hormones and enzymes.
- Proteins are modified through glycosylation (addition of sugars) or removal of methionine.
- Packaged into vesicles, which can form lysosomes in animal cells or contain polysaccharides in plant cells for cell wall formation.
Mitochondria
- Characterized by a rod-shaped or cylindrical structure, varying in shape and size.
- Typically range from 0.5 to 1.5 micrometers in width and 3.0 to 10.0 micrometers in length.
- Abundant in all cell types, with thousands present in metabolically active cells such as muscle fibers and hormone-secreting cells.
- Enclosed by a double membrane: the smooth outer membrane and the inner membrane, which is infolded to create cristae.
- Contains a matrix filled with enzymes, metabolites, and small circular DNA molecules.
- Primary site for aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis.
- Mitochondria and chloroplasts possess their own ribosomes, smaller than those found in the cytosol and attached to RER.
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Description
Explore the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus, an essential component of eukaryotic cells. This quiz covers its formation, significance in different cell types, and role in cellular processes. Test your knowledge on this vital organelle found in metabolically active cells.
