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Questions and Answers
What is another name for the Golgi apparatus?
What is another name for the Golgi apparatus?
- Golgi body (correct)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosome
In which type of cells can the Golgi apparatus be found?
In which type of cells can the Golgi apparatus be found?
- Prokaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells (correct)
- Bacterial cells
- Archaea cells
Where are proteins synthesized before they are packaged into vesicles?
Where are proteins synthesized before they are packaged into vesicles?
- Golgi apparatus
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
What happens to proteins after they are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What happens to proteins after they are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is one possible fate of proteins after they are modified by the Golgi apparatus?
What is one possible fate of proteins after they are modified by the Golgi apparatus?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus with regard to proteins?
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus with regard to proteins?
What is the main function of lysosomes in the cell?
What is the main function of lysosomes in the cell?
Through which process is material from outside the cell taken up for digestion by lysosomes?
Through which process is material from outside the cell taken up for digestion by lysosomes?
Which process is responsible for the digestion of materials from inside the cell?
Which process is responsible for the digestion of materials from inside the cell?
Which of the following is NOT a type of complex molecule digested by lysosomes?
Which of the following is NOT a type of complex molecule digested by lysosomes?
What is the role of lysosomes in endocytosis?
What is the role of lysosomes in endocytosis?
What is the cytoskeleton composed of?
What is the cytoskeleton composed of?
Which protein is NOT one of the main structural components of the cytoskeleton?
Which protein is NOT one of the main structural components of the cytoskeleton?
Microtubules are responsible for which function?
Microtubules are responsible for which function?
Which of the following is formed by actins?
Which of the following is formed by actins?
Which cytoskeletal component is NOT correctly matched with its function?
Which cytoskeletal component is NOT correctly matched with its function?
What is the cytoskeleton primarily responsible for?
What is the cytoskeleton primarily responsible for?
Where is the cytoskeleton located in eukaryotic cells?
Where is the cytoskeleton located in eukaryotic cells?
What does the cytoskeleton organize within the cell?
What does the cytoskeleton organize within the cell?
What type of network does the cytoskeleton form?
What type of network does the cytoskeleton form?
What is the primary function of the lysosome?
What is the primary function of the lysosome?
Where are enzymes of the lysosomes synthesized?
Where are enzymes of the lysosomes synthesized?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lysosome?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lysosome?
How many different enzymes do lysosomes contain?
How many different enzymes do lysosomes contain?
What type of proteins are found in the lysosomal membrane?
What type of proteins are found in the lysosomal membrane?
What is the primary function of the nucleus?
What is the primary function of the nucleus?
Which type of organism has cells containing a nucleus?
Which type of organism has cells containing a nucleus?
What genetic material does the nucleus contain?
What genetic material does the nucleus contain?
The nucleus is described as which type of organelle?
The nucleus is described as which type of organelle?
What essential cellular processes does the nucleus facilitate?
What essential cellular processes does the nucleus facilitate?
Where do vacuoles typically bud from?
Where do vacuoles typically bud from?
In which organisms are food vacuoles most commonly found?
In which organisms are food vacuoles most commonly found?
What is the primary function of autophagic vacuoles?
What is the primary function of autophagic vacuoles?
What is the main function of contractile vacuoles in protozoan?
What is the main function of contractile vacuoles in protozoan?
Which vacuole is involved in starvation response?
Which vacuole is involved in starvation response?
What is the primary function of the cell nucleus?
What is the primary function of the cell nucleus?
What term is used to describe eukaryotic cells that lack a nucleus?
What term is used to describe eukaryotic cells that lack a nucleus?
Which type of cell is an example of an enucleate cell?
Which type of cell is an example of an enucleate cell?
Which organelle is one of the easiest to recognize under the microscope?
Which organelle is one of the easiest to recognize under the microscope?
During which process does the cell nucleus mediate the replication of DNA?
During which process does the cell nucleus mediate the replication of DNA?
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?
Where does the cytoskeleton extend from and to within a cell?
Where does the cytoskeleton extend from and to within a cell?
Which cellular component is NOT involved in the cytoskeleton’s network?
Which cellular component is NOT involved in the cytoskeleton’s network?
What type of cells contain a cytoskeleton?
What type of cells contain a cytoskeleton?
What aspect of the cytoskeleton allows it to be highly functional within the cell?
What aspect of the cytoskeleton allows it to be highly functional within the cell?
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Study Notes
Golgi Apparatus
- Found in most eukaryotic cells
- Proteins synthesized in the ER are packaged into vesicles, which fuse with the Golgi apparatus
- Proteins are modified and destined for secretion via exocytosis or for use in the cell
Cytoskeleton
- System of filaments or fibers present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
- Organizes other elements of the cell, maintains cell shape, and responsible for cell locomotion and movement of organelles
- Complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments from cell nucleus to cell membrane
- Responsible for maintaining cell shape and movement of cell itself and organelles within it
- Composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Microtubules
- Help maintain cell shape, intracellular transport, and formation of mitotic spindles during mitosis
Lysosomes
- Act as waste disposal system of the cell by digesting obsolete or un-used materials
- Contain more than 60 different enzymes and over 50 membrane proteins
- Enzymes synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Found in animal cells and contain variety of enzymes to break down waste materials, old organelles, and foreign invaders
Vacuoles
- Membranous sacs that bud from the ER, Golgi, or plasma membrane
- Come in different sizes and have various functions (food, autophagic, contractile)
- Found in most protozoan and play roles in digestion and maintaining internal environment
Nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelle containing genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic organisms
- Largest organelle, facilitates replication, transcription, and translation
- Maintains integrity of DNA and entire cell volume
- Controls gene expression and mediates DNA replication during cell cycle
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