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Questions and Answers
Organisms made of more than one cell are called ______ organisms.
Organisms made of more than one cell are called ______ organisms.
multicellular
Single-celled organisms are called ______.
Single-celled organisms are called ______.
unicellular
[Blank] are used to colour parts of the cell to study the detailed structure.
[Blank] are used to colour parts of the cell to study the detailed structure.
Stains
The ______ is capsule-shaped and is a single-celled organism.
The ______ is capsule-shaped and is a single-celled organism.
The ______ is a single-celled organism that has various extensions from its body.
The ______ is a single-celled organism that has various extensions from its body.
[Blank] provide energy for all activities of the cell.
[Blank] provide energy for all activities of the cell.
The fluid that fills vacuoles is called ______.
The fluid that fills vacuoles is called ______.
During respiration in food, glucose is broken down by ______ in the mitochondria.
During respiration in food, glucose is broken down by ______ in the mitochondria.
In 1665, ______ observed slices of cork under a simple magnifying device and coined the term 'cell'.
In 1665, ______ observed slices of cork under a simple magnifying device and coined the term 'cell'.
Cells in living organisms are considered complex living ______, unlike non-living bricks used in buildings.
Cells in living organisms are considered complex living ______, unlike non-living bricks used in buildings.
A single-celled organism like an ______ can perform all the necessary life functions such as capturing food, respiration, excretion, growth, and reproduction.
A single-celled organism like an ______ can perform all the necessary life functions such as capturing food, respiration, excretion, growth, and reproduction.
The projections of varying lengths protruding out of an amoeba’s body, which aid in movement and capturing food, are called ______.
The projections of varying lengths protruding out of an amoeba’s body, which aid in movement and capturing food, are called ______.
Similar functions in multicellular organisms are carried out by groups of specialised calls forming different ______.
Similar functions in multicellular organisms are carried out by groups of specialised calls forming different ______.
The discovery of improved ______ with higher magnification significantly advanced our understanding of cell structure and functions.
The discovery of improved ______ with higher magnification significantly advanced our understanding of cell structure and functions.
The basic structural units within a building are bricks, whereas within living organisms, the basic structural units are ______.
The basic structural units within a building are bricks, whereas within living organisms, the basic structural units are ______.
Amoeba's shape is irregular because it keeps changing its shape through projections called ______.
Amoeba's shape is irregular because it keeps changing its shape through projections called ______.
Amoeba's ability to change shape is due to the formation of ______, which aids in movement and capturing food.
Amoeba's ability to change shape is due to the formation of ______, which aids in movement and capturing food.
While a WBC is a cell, an amoeba is considered a full-fledged ______ capable of independent existence.
While a WBC is a cell, an amoeba is considered a full-fledged ______ capable of independent existence.
Cells such as blood, muscle, and nerve cells have different shapes that are related to their specific ______.
Cells such as blood, muscle, and nerve cells have different shapes that are related to their specific ______.
Nerve cells or ______ receive and transfer messages to help control and coordinate the working of different parts of the body.
Nerve cells or ______ receive and transfer messages to help control and coordinate the working of different parts of the body.
The shape of cells in plants and animals is provided by a ______, which encloses the components of the cell.
The shape of cells in plants and animals is provided by a ______, which encloses the components of the cell.
Plant cells have an additional covering over the cell membrane called the ______, which provides shape and rigidity.
Plant cells have an additional covering over the cell membrane called the ______, which provides shape and rigidity.
The study of ______ is called virology and they were discovered by Ivanovski in 1892.
The study of ______ is called virology and they were discovered by Ivanovski in 1892.
The size of cells in living organisms ranges from micrometers to a few ______, but most cells are microscopic.
The size of cells in living organisms ranges from micrometers to a few ______, but most cells are microscopic.
The size of a cell is typically related to its ______, allowing for specialized functions within an organism.
The size of a cell is typically related to its ______, allowing for specialized functions within an organism.
In both elephants and rats, the primary role of nerve cells is transferring ______, highlighting functional similarity despite size differences.
In both elephants and rats, the primary role of nerve cells is transferring ______, highlighting functional similarity despite size differences.
Within a multicellular organism, different organs work together in systems to perform complex tasks such as digestion, ______, and absorption.
Within a multicellular organism, different organs work together in systems to perform complex tasks such as digestion, ______, and absorption.
Plant organs such as roots and leaves carry out specialized functions like water and mineral absorption, and the ______ of food, respectively.
Plant organs such as roots and leaves carry out specialized functions like water and mineral absorption, and the ______ of food, respectively.
Tissues are defined as groups of similar cells working together to perform a ______ function, contributing to the overall operation of an organ.
Tissues are defined as groups of similar cells working together to perform a ______ function, contributing to the overall operation of an organ.
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, not only separates cells but also regulates the movement of ______ in and out of the cell.
The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, not only separates cells but also regulates the movement of ______ in and out of the cell.
The structure observed as a central dense round body within a cell, particularly visible in an onion peel, is identified as the ______.
The structure observed as a central dense round body within a cell, particularly visible in an onion peel, is identified as the ______.
The jelly-like substance filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane in a cell defines the ______, crucial for various cellular processes.
The jelly-like substance filling the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane in a cell defines the ______, crucial for various cellular processes.
The outer thick layer in plant cells, providing protection against environmental variations, is called the ______.
The outer thick layer in plant cells, providing protection against environmental variations, is called the ______.
The jelly-like substance within a cell, located between the cell membrane and the nucleus, is known as the ______.
The jelly-like substance within a cell, located between the cell membrane and the nucleus, is known as the ______.
The control center of a cell, containing genetic information and separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane, is the ______.
The control center of a cell, containing genetic information and separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane, is the ______.
Thread-like structures within the nucleus that carry genes and facilitate the transfer of traits from parents to offspring are called ______.
Thread-like structures within the nucleus that carry genes and facilitate the transfer of traits from parents to offspring are called ______.
A unit of inheritance in living organisms that controls the transfer of hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring is a ______.
A unit of inheritance in living organisms that controls the transfer of hereditary characteristics from parents to offspring is a ______.
The membrane surrounding the nucleus, which is porous and regulates the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm, is known as the ______ membrane.
The membrane surrounding the nucleus, which is porous and regulates the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm, is known as the ______ membrane.
The structure that provides shape to the cell is called ______.
The structure that provides shape to the cell is called ______.
A smaller spherical body inside the nucleus that can be seen with a microscope of higher magnification is called the ______.
A smaller spherical body inside the nucleus that can be seen with a microscope of higher magnification is called the ______.
The combination of genes from parents lead to different ______ in offspring.
The combination of genes from parents lead to different ______ in offspring.
Besides its role in inheritance, the ______ serves as the control center for cellular activities.
Besides its role in inheritance, the ______ serves as the control center for cellular activities.
The entire content of a living cell, encompassing the cytoplasm and the nucleus, is collectively known as ______.
The entire content of a living cell, encompassing the cytoplasm and the nucleus, is collectively known as ______.
Cells that possess nuclear material without a defined nuclear membrane are classified as ______ cells.
Cells that possess nuclear material without a defined nuclear membrane are classified as ______ cells.
Organisms composed of eukaryotic cells, characterized by a well-organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane, are termed ______.
Organisms composed of eukaryotic cells, characterized by a well-organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane, are termed ______.
Vacuoles appear as blank looking structures, and they tend to be larger and more numerous in ______ cells compared to animal cells.
Vacuoles appear as blank looking structures, and they tend to be larger and more numerous in ______ cells compared to animal cells.
The green pigment found within chloroplasts, essential for photosynthesis, is called ______.
The green pigment found within chloroplasts, essential for photosynthesis, is called ______.
While both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles and a nucleus, ______ are unique to plant cells and are involved in photosynthesis.
While both plant and animal cells contain vacuoles and a nucleus, ______ are unique to plant cells and are involved in photosynthesis.
Flashcards
Vacuoles
Vacuoles
Fluid-filled structures in cells containing a sugary substance.
Multicellular Organisms
Multicellular Organisms
Organisms made up of more than one cell.
Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular Organisms
Single-celled organisms.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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How Scientists Study Cells
How Scientists Study Cells
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Stains (dyes)
Stains (dyes)
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Muscle Cell
Muscle Cell
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Cell
Cell
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What is a cell?
What is a cell?
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Who is Robert Hooke?
Who is Robert Hooke?
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What are cork cells?
What are cork cells?
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Cells in living organisms
Cells in living organisms
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Single-celled organism
Single-celled organism
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What are tissues?
What are tissues?
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What are pseudopodia?
What are pseudopodia?
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What is Amoeba?
What is Amoeba?
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Pseudopodia
Pseudopodia
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Amoeba
Amoeba
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Specialized Cells
Specialized Cells
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Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
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Cell Wall
Cell Wall
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Virology
Virology
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Micrometre (Micron)
Micrometre (Micron)
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Cell Size vs. Organism Size
Cell Size vs. Organism Size
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Organ Function
Organ Function
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Tissue
Tissue
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Cell membrane function
Cell membrane function
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Nuclear Membrane
Nuclear Membrane
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Chromosomes
Chromosomes
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Gene
Gene
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Protoplasm
Protoplasm
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Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes
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Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
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Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes
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Plastids
Plastids
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Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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Study Notes
- The egg of a hen is a single cell large enough to be seen without aid
Organisms, Cell Number, Shape, and Size
- Scientists use microscopes to observe and study living cells
- Stains or dyes are used to color parts of the cell for detailed structure study
- Millions of living organisms exist in different shapes and sizes
- Organs vary in shape, size, and cell number
Cell Numbers
- A tall tree or a large animal has billions and trillions of cells
- The human body contains trillions of cells in various shapes and sizes
- Different cell groups perform different functions
- A billion equals a thousand million, and a trillion equals a thousand billion
- Organisms with more than one cell are multicellular, where "multi" means many and "cellular" means cell
- Fewer cells in smaller organisms do not affect their functions
- An organism with billions of cells starts as a single fertilized egg
- This fertilized egg multiplies, increasing cell number as development occurs
- Single-celled organisms are unicellular, which are single-celled. "Uni" means one; "cellular" means cell
- Both brick in buildings and cells in living organisms are basic structural units
Discovery of the Cell
- Robert Hooke observed cork slices under a simple magnifying device in 1665
- Cork is part of tree bark
- Hooke noticed partitioned boxes or compartments in the cork slice and called these boxes 'cells'
- Actually Hooke observed dead cells
- Living organism cells were observable after microscopes improved
- After Hooke’s observations little about cells was known for ~150 years
- Cells in living organisms are complex structures, unlike non-living bricks
Cell Shape
- A single-celled organism performs all necessary functions performed by multicellular organisms
- Amoeba, a single-celled organism, captures and digests food, respires, excretes, grows, and reproduces
- Multicellular organisms carry out similar functions via specialized cell groups forming different tissues, which form organs
- While WBC is a cell, amoeba is an organism capable of independent existence
- Most cells are round, spherical, or elongated while some cells are long and pointed at both ends
- Some cells are quite long and branched, like nerve cells or neurons
- Amoeba has no definite shape, and changes shape by protrusions called pseudopodia
- The cell membrane gives shape to the cell
- Nerve cells receives and transfers messages
Cell Structure and Function
- Each living organism has many organs
- Organs such as digestive organs form systems that act as smaller parts called tissues, which help perform specific functions
- Roots aid the absorption of water and minerals, while leaves synthesize food
- A tissue is a group of similar cells with a specific function
- An organ can be made of tissues, which in turn are made of cells
- A cell in a living organism is the basic structural unit
Parts of a Cell
- A cell's basic components are the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus
- Cytoplasm and the nucleus are enclosed by the cell membrane, which is sometimes termed the plasma membrane
- Separates cells from each other and the cell from surrounding mediums
- The plasma membrane is porous and allows the movement of substances from the environment, both inward and outward
- The boundary of the onion cell is the cell membrane and outside a wall is the cell wall
- Between the nucleus and the cell membrane is cytoplasm
- There is a cell wall, an additional layer surrounding the cell membrane that is in plant cells, needed for protection
- Plant cells require protection from temperature variations, high wind speed, and atmospheric moisture
Cytoplasm and Nucleus
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus
- Various other components, or organelles, of cells are present here
- Organelles are mitochondria, golgi bodies, ribosomes, etc
- Nucleuses are generally spherical, located in the center of a cell, and are observable under a microscope
- Separated by a nuclear membrane, the nucleus and cytoplasm are enclosed
- Porous, the nuclear membrane allows material movement between the cytoplasm and inside the nucleus
- Nucleus contain thread-like structures called chromosomes, which transfers characters from parents to offspring in the form of heredity genes
Cells - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
- The bacterial cell nucleus is not well-organized like multicellular organisms' cells
- Prokaryotic cells are nuclear material without a nuclear membrane
- Organisms of this kind of cell are called prokaryotes (pro : primitive; karyon : nucleus), examples are bacteria and blue green algae
- Eukaryotic cells has organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane
- The nucleus is the control center of cell activities, protoplasm contains cytoplasm and the nucleus
- All organisms other than bacteria and blue green algae are called eukaryotes (eu: true; karyon: nucleus)
Vacuole
- A vacuole is a blank-looking structure within the cytoplasm
- Animal cells contain smaller vacuoles while plant cells contain large vacuoles
- Plastids - colored bodies in the cytoplasm of Tradescantia leaf cells
- Plastids that contain green pigment are chloroplasts that provide the leaves' green color
- Essential for photosynthesis, chlorophyll of leaves is located in their chloroplasts
Cell Comparison - Animal and Plant
- Cell membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Nuclear membrane
- Animal cell walls are absent
- Chloroplast are present in plant cells but not animal cells
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Description
Explore fundamental concepts in cell biology, including the distinction between unicellular and multicellular organisms. Learn about cell staining techniques, the function of mitochondria in energy production, and the historical discovery of cells by Robert Hooke. Understand how single-celled organisms like amoeba perform life functions.
