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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the site of metabolic reactions and protein synthesis?
What is the site of metabolic reactions and protein synthesis?
What is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes?
What is the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes?
What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
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What is the process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells?
What is the process of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unwanted cells?
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What is the response to tissue damage or infection, involving immune cells and chemical signals?
What is the response to tissue damage or infection, involving immune cells and chemical signals?
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Study Notes
Cellular Components
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Plasma Membrane:
- Semi-permeable membrane separating cell from environment
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
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Cytoplasm:
- Jelly-like substance inside the plasma membrane
- Site of metabolic reactions and protein synthesis
- Contains various organelles
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Organelles:
- Nucleus: contains DNA, controls cell growth and division
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
- Golgi Apparatus: modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids
Cellular Processes
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Cell Signaling:
- Process by which cells respond to stimuli
- Involves reception, transduction, and response to signals
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Cell Division:
- Mitosis: process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells
- Meiosis: process of cell division resulting in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes
-
Cell Transport:
- Passive Transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input
- Active Transport: movement of molecules against concentration gradient using energy
-
Metabolism:
- Catabolism: breakdown of molecules to release energy
- Anabolism: synthesis of molecules using energy
Cellular Regulation
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Cell Cycle Regulation:
- Checkpoints: ensure proper progression through cell cycle
- Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs): regulate progression through cell cycle
- Apoptosis: programmed cell death, eliminates damaged or unwanted cells
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Cell-Cell Interactions:
- Adhesion: cells stick together through adhesion molecules
- Signaling: cells communicate through signaling molecules
Cellular Response to Stimuli
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Stress Response:
- Cellular response to stress, including heat shock proteins
-
Inflammation:
- Response to tissue damage or infection, involving immune cells and chemical signals
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure, function, and processes, including cellular components, cellular processes, regulation, and response to stimuli.
