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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What type of transport requires energy input?
What is the result of the process of meiosis?
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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What is the stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and microtubules form?
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What is the term for the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation?
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What is the complete set of genetic information in an organism?
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What is the term for a unit of heredity that carries information from one generation to the next?
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What is the term for a variant of a gene that occupies a specific location on a chromosome?
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What is the diagram used to predict the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes in offspring?
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What is the process of creating a new copy of DNA?
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What is the term for the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein?
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What is the process of creating a complementary RNA copy from a DNA template?
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What is the model that describes the structure of DNA?
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What is the building block of DNA?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Plasma Membrane: Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulating what enters and leaves
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place
- Nucleus: Control center of the cell, containing most of the cell's genetic material (DNA)
- Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: Small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm, responsible for protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: Membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes, responsible for cellular digestion and recycling
- Golgi Apparatus: Complex of flattened sacs and tubules involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Cell Transport
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Passive Transport: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input
- Diffusion: Random movement of molecules from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
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Active Transport: Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input
- Carrier proteins: Transport molecules across the membrane, using energy from ATP
Cell Division
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Mitosis: Process of cell division resulting in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Interphase: Cell grows, replicates DNA, and prepares for cell division
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and microtubules form
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncoils
- Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells
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Meiosis: Process of cell division resulting in four non-identical daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
- Meiosis I: Homologous chromosomes pair, exchange genetic material, and separate
- Meiosis II: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
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Description
Test your knowledge of cell structure, cell transport, and cell division. Learn about the different organelles, transport mechanisms, and stages of mitosis and meiosis.
