Funbio 5

RER is studded with ribosomes, while SER is free of attached ribosomes.

Water-soluble proteins and prospective transmembrane proteins.

Digestive enzymes and hormones.

<p>It performs post-translational processing, which includes modifications like protein folding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver cells and cells that secrete steroid hormones, such as adrenal cortex cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The RER transports synthesized proteins to different parts of the cell, particularly to the Golgi Apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may be stored in cisternae and transported to the plasma membrane when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endoplasmic reticulum appears as an elaborate membrane system that may occupy up to 50% of the total membrane surface of animal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smooth ER is involved in lipid production and detoxification processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough ER is studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface, giving it a 'rough' appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The specialized form is called the sarcoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four major functions include modification, sorting, packaging of proteins, and the production of primary lysosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles containing enzymes that oxidize fatty acids and amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain cells contain secretory and zymogen granules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After cell division, the nuclear envelope is partially reformed from remnants of the endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus processes, modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport to their destinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cisternae are arranged in a parallel stack, typically varying in number from 3 to 7, with spaces between them called lumen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cis face receives materials from the ER, while the trans face releases processed materials to the cell surface or other destinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus plays a role in processing proteins that are essential for excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In plant cells, Golgi bodies are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus processes proteins, glycoproteins, and mucopolysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicles transport materials in and out of the Golgi apparatus, entering from the cis face and exiting from the trans face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus was discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes are responsible for intracellular digestion and the removal of unwanted elements such as pathogens and debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary lysosomes bud off from the Golgi apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary lysosomes contain material that is to be digested, resulting from the fusion of primary lysosomes with phagosomes or endosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The optimum activity of lysosomal enzymes occurs at a pH of 5.0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes are rounded organelles that are bound by a single membrane and contain a granular matrix with occasional crystal-like cores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis and post-translational modification of lysosomal enzymes, marking proteins for dispersion into lysosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Undigested or indigestible materials accumulate as residual bodies within lysosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It initiates the contraction process by triggering excitation-contraction coupling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose-6-phosphatase converts glucose-6-phosphate to glucose, facilitating the release of glucose into the bloodstream during glycogenolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid production and detoxification, while the sarcoplasmic reticulum is specialized for calcium storage and release in muscle cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the activity of detoxification enzymes and may proliferate to enhance these functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum does not have ribosomes; ribosomes are found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peroxisomes function to break down compounds using oxidative enzymes and remove H+ ions, producing hydrogen peroxide as a by-product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reaction is: $RH2 + O2 \rightarrow R + H2O2$, where organic substrates are oxidized and hydrogen peroxide is produced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen peroxide is detoxified by the enzyme catalase, which uses it to oxidize various substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zellweger syndrome is a defect in peroxisomes that leads to severe abnormalities in brain, liver, and kidneys, resulting in infant mortality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretory granules originate from the trans-face of the Golgi Apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The release of insulin is triggered by elevated glucose levels in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis allows secretory granules to fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents outside the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catalase can oxidize a variety of substances, including alcohol, phenols, and formaldehyde.</p> Signup and view all the answers