Cell Biology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

If a scientist is examining a cell under a microscope and observes a distinct nucleus, which of the following conclusions can they definitively make?

The cell is a bacterium.
The cell lacks ribosomes.
The cell is eukaryotic. (correct)
The cell is prokaryotic.

Which of the following best describes the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in a eukaryotic cell?

Synthesizing ATP through cellular respiration.
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids. (correct)
Replicating DNA during cell division.
Digesting cellular waste and debris.

A cell membrane consists primarily of a phospholipid bilayer. Why do the phospholipids arrange themselves in this way?

To create a rigid barrier that prevents any movement of molecules.
To sequester the hydrophobic tails away from the surrounding aqueous environment. (correct)
To allow for the free passage of all molecules into and out of the cell.
To maximize the interaction of hydrophilic tails with the surrounding aqueous environment.

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration?

Osmosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does long-distance cell communication typically occur in multicellular organisms?

Through the use of hormones transported via the circulatory system. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the cell theory?

Cells can spontaneously generate from non-living matter. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

To generate a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cellular processes is an example of catabolism?

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher observes that a particular cell type is actively secreting a large protein. Which transport mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this secretion?

Exocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell biology (cytology)

The branch of biology studying the structure and function of cells, revolving around the concept that the cell is the fundamental unit of life.

Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of structure and organization; all cells arise from pre-existing cells.