Cell Biology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

A scientist is studying a cell and observes that it contains membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Which type of cell is the scientist most likely observing?

An eukaryotic cell (correct)
A bacterial cell
An archaeal cell
A prokaryotic cell

Which cellular component is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi apparatus (correct)
Lysosome
Ribosome
Mitochondrion

A cell needs to transport a large molecule against its concentration gradient. Which transport mechanism would it most likely use?

Osmosis
Active transport (correct)
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion

During cell signaling, what is the correct order of the three key steps?

Reception → Transduction → Response (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

S phase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, while meiosis occurs in gametes (sex cells). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of apoptosis but NOT necrosis?

DNA fragmentation and controlled process (A) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher observes a cell actively engulfing a large particle. Which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for this process?

Endocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration?

Mitochondrion (D) Signup and view all the answers

Dysregulation of apoptosis is most likely to directly contribute to which of the following diseases?

Autoimmune disorders and cancer (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life, examining structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

What is Cell Biology (Cytology)?

Studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells, including cell structure and organization, transport mechanisms, signaling pathways, the cell cycle, and cell death.