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What is one of the key components of the cell theory?
What is one of the key components of the cell theory?
Which of the following accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following accurately describes prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is unique to plant cells?
Which structure is unique to plant cells?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
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Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxification and lipid synthesis?
Which of the following organelles is involved in detoxification and lipid synthesis?
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Which kingdom do eukaryotic cells belong to?
Which kingdom do eukaryotic cells belong to?
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What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the role of lysosomes in a cell?
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What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
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What role do centrioles play in animal cells?
What role do centrioles play in animal cells?
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Which factors affect the diffusion of molecules across a membrane?
Which factors affect the diffusion of molecules across a membrane?
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What is the main purpose of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
What is the main purpose of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
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What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?
What distinguishes facilitated diffusion from simple diffusion?
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Which type of passive transport specifically involves water molecules?
Which type of passive transport specifically involves water molecules?
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What mechanism is used by protein pumps during active transport?
What mechanism is used by protein pumps during active transport?
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Which of the following best describes microfilaments?
Which of the following best describes microfilaments?
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How do nonpolar molecules typically interact with the cell membrane?
How do nonpolar molecules typically interact with the cell membrane?
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Study Notes
Cell Theory
- All organisms are made of cells.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
- The cell is the smallest unit of life.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
- Simplest, smallest, oldest cells.
- No nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
- DNA located in the cytoplasm.
- Single-celled organisms (bacteria and archaea).
Eukaryotes
- Larger, more complex cells.
- Contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus.
- DNA stored in the nucleus.
- Single or multicellular organisms (plants, fungi, animals, protists).
Similarities
- Both have DNA as genetic material.
- Both have ribosomes and cytoplasm.
- Both have a plasma membrane.
Animal vs. Plant Cells
Similarities
- Both share most other cell structures.
Differences
- Animal cells have centrioles, plant cells do not.
- Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, animal cells do not.
Cell Organelles
- Nucleus: Houses genetic material (DNA), produces ribosomes, controls gene regulation.
- Nucleolus: Produces ribosomal RNA, assembles ribosomes.
- Ribosomes: Synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acids.
- Vacuole: Stores water, nutrients, and waste.
- Cell Wall: Plant cells only; provides support and protection.
- Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and exits the cell.
- Smooth ER: Detoxifies drugs/toxins, synthesizes lipids.
- Rough ER: Synthesizes, processes, and releases proteins (has ribosomes).
- Lysosomes: Recycles cellular debris using enzymes, digests food.
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, packages, stores, and transports materials.
- Mitochondria: Contains own DNA, produces ATP (energy) via cellular respiration.
- Chloroplast: Plant cells only; performs photosynthesis.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance filling the cell, supports organelles and enables reactions.
- Centrioles: Animal cells only; help organize cell division.
- Cytoskeleton: Provides structure, support, and movement/transport of materials.
- Microfilaments: Cell shape, movement (e.g., muscle contractions), and intracellular transport.
- Microtubules: Cell shape and support, cell division (chromosome separation).
Factors Affecting Diffusion
- Molecule Size: Smaller molecules diffuse faster.
- Temperature: Higher temperatures increase diffusion rate.
- Membrane Permeability: Membrane properties affect molecule passage.
- Polarity: Nonpolar molecules pass lipid bilayers more easily.
Passive Transport Types
- Diffusion: Movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
- Facilitated Diffusion: Movement with the aid of membrane proteins (channels).
- Osmosis: Specific diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Active Transport Types
- Protein Pumps: Use ATP to pump molecules/ions across the membrane.
- Endocytosis: Membrane forms a vesicle to take in large particles.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of cell theory, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and the unique characteristics of animal and plant cells. This quiz covers essential concepts related to cell structure and function, making it ideal for biology students.