Cell Biology Chapter Quiz

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Which cell will be filled with molecules faster if the transport rate is the same?

Cell A will be faster due to larger volume

Cell A will be faster due to larger surface area (correct)

Both cells will fill at the same rate regardless of size

Cell B will be faster due to larger volume

What two factors affect the efficiency of cell metabolism?

Surface area and volume ratio (correct)

Transport rate and cell age

Cell shape and membrane thickness

Nutrient availability and cell age

What structural adaptation allows cells to overcome limitations on size?

Folding of the cell membrane (correct)

Reduction in cell size

Addition of more organelles

Increased cell wall thickness

How does compartmentalization benefit eukaryotic cells?

It segregates incompatible processes Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining a high surface area to volume ratio crucial for cells?

It enhances nutrient uptake and efficient metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about transport proteins is correct?

Glucose carrier proteins only transport glucose and not its isomers. Signup and view all the answers

What role do carrier proteins play in facilitated diffusion?

They bind to molecules and change shape to facilitate transport. Signup and view all the answers

How do gated ion channels function?

They open or close in response to specific stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to potassium ion channels in nerve cells during an electrical stimulus?

They open to facilitate potassium ion transport. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines how easily a substance can pass through the plasma membrane?

Polarity and molecular size of the substance Signup and view all the answers

What defines diffusion in terms of particle movement?

Movement of particles that spreads them evenly into available space Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the selective permeability of membranes?

It allows only specific substances to enter or exit the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a concentration gradient?

The difference in concentration of a substance between two regions Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules require transport proteins for membrane crossing?

Hydrophilic substances that cannot cross the lipid bilayer alone. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the plasma membrane play in cellular function?

It controls the exchange of materials between the cell and surroundings Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by a dysfunctional Cl- channel?

Cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrophobic molecules interact with the phospholipid bilayer?

They dissolve in the lipid bilayer and pass through rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of channel proteins?

They create a hydrophilic pathway for specific molecules or ions. Signup and view all the answers

What happens at dynamic equilibrium during diffusion?

Equal numbers of molecules cross the membrane in both directions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules have the most difficulty crossing the plasma membrane due to its hydrophobic interior?

Small hydrophilic (polar) molecules Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to a cell when placed in a hypertonic solution?

The cell shrinks as it loses water Signup and view all the answers

What role do cell-surface proteins play in relation to HIV?

They facilitate the entry of HIV into immune cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of lacking the CCR5 co-receptor?

Immunity to HIV infection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tight junctions in epithelial tissues?

Preventing leakage of extracellular fluid. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for cell-to-cell communication in animal cells?

Gap junctions Signup and view all the answers

What type of junction anchors cells together in strong sheets?

Desmosomes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Connecting plant cells for transport of water and small solutes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is responsible for attaching the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Integrins Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the cytoskeleton structure?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What role does cholesterol play in cell membranes at high temperatures?

Restrains movement of phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane protein spans the membrane and consists of hydrophobic regions?

Transmembrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

How do fibronectin and other extracellular matrix proteins interact with cellular components?

They bind to integral proteins in the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK)?

Lateral movement of proteins in the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of integral proteins compared to peripheral proteins?

They penetrate the hydrophobic core of the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What initiates dimerization in receptor tyrosine kinases for signaling?

The binding of a signaling molecule (ligand) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cholesterol have on membrane fluidity at low temperatures?

Prevents tight packing of phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What function do membrane proteins primarily serve within the cell membrane?

Determine most of the membrane's functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT 1) in red blood cells?

To facilitate glucose diffusion into red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins are involved in active transport processes?

Carrier proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the sodium-potassium pump's activity in cells?

Higher concentration of K+ inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

What does membrane potential refer to?

The voltage across a membrane due to ion distribution Signup and view all the answers

How does the inside of the cell typically compare to the outside regarding charge?

It is negatively charged relative to the outside. Signup and view all the answers

What ultimately drives the transport of glucose into red blood cells after it is phosphorylated?

The concentration gradient of glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is maintained by the active transport of ions in cells?

Solute concentrations that differ from the environment Signup and view all the answers