Cell Biology Chapter Overview

<p>DNA and proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It condenses to form chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6.5 kilometers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the largest organelle in the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is composed of two lipid bilayers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RER is studded with ribosomes, while SER lacks ribosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport within membrane-bound vesicles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Modification and packaging of proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organelles can exchange materials through direct physical connections or vesicles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reproduce independently of the host cell through binary fission. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain an internal membrane system called thylakoids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host cell benefits, while the engulfed prokaryotic cell also benefits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It plays a role in the production of ATP during oxidative phosphorylation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular respiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It houses pigments that capture light energy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of ATP. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SRP facilitates the insertion of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycosylation of proinsulin in the Golgi apparatus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus processes and packages insulin into secretory vesicles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alteration in the glucose levels in the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of lipids and proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directing ribosomes to the ER membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein synthesis and modification (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Storage of genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is involved in cellular movement and structural support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, while smooth ER does not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleolus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transporting proteins to the Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ser-Lys-Leu- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The protein will remain in the cytoplasm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To direct proteins to specific organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free ribosomes synthesize proteins destined for the cytoplasm, while ER-bound ribosomes synthesize proteins destined for secretion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mRNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein A directs the protein to the nucleus while Protein B directs the protein to the peroxisome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A cell with internal membranes forming organelles, specialized for various functions.

The organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

A series of membranes in eukaryotic cells that divide the cell into compartments.

A type of ER studded with ribosomes, involved in protein synthesis.

A type of ER that lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery.

Organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through respiration.

Organelles found in plant cells that convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

The boundary of the nucleus consisting of two lipid bilayer membranes.

Gateways in the nuclear envelope that control molecule traffic in and out of the nucleus.

The complex of DNA and proteins, like histones, that make up chromosomes in non-dividing cells.

Condensed form of chromatin that occurs during cell division, organizing DNA into distinct units.

Proteins around which DNA is wrapped, helping to organize chromatin.

If laid end to end, DNA in a single human cell measures about 6.5 feet to kilometers of DNA total in body.

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins from amino acids.

The process in which cells assemble proteins from amino acids using ribosomes.

A short amino acid sequence that directs proteins to their proper destination.

A sequence that directs proteins into the nucleus.

Ribosomes floating in the cytosol synthesizing proteins that usually stay within the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on its surface, synthesizing proteins for secretion or membrane integration.

Vesicles that transport proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane for secretion.

Proteins' destination is determined by whether they are made by free ribosomes or rough ER ribosomes.

Includes nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and plasma membrane.

A network of membranous tubules; can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes).

ER without ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

Small membrane-bound sacs that transport substances within the endomembrane system.

A peptide hormone produced by pancreas beta cells that regulates glucose levels in the body.

The precursor to insulin, formed by cleaving the signal peptide from preproinsulin.

The process by which secretory vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

Specialized vesicles full of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade damaged macromolecules.

The process of breaking down polymers by adding water to their bonds.

The process where proteins are altered, often involving glycosylation or lipidation.

The narrow region between the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria.

The innermost space of mitochondria, containing enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes.

Membrane-bound compartments in chloroplasts arranged in stacks called grana, essential for photosynthesis.

The inner space of chloroplasts that contains enzymes, DNA, and ribosomes.

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from ingested bacteria that formed symbiotic relationships with cells.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to bacteria and have double membranes, free ribosomes, and circular DNA.

Specialized metabolic compartments in cells, bounded by a single membrane, performing various reactions.

A method of asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into two parts, used by bacteria and organelles like mitochondria.