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Questions and Answers
What level of organization is the small intestine?
Which of the following statements about colonial organisms is correct?
Cell membrane is to cell as _____ is to house.
Which type of molecule forms the cell membrane?
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Phospholipids are molecules that have _____.
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What is the function of microfilaments in a cell?
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
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Where in the cell are ribosomes that produce proteins for export located?
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What organelle contains enzymes for digestion in plant and animal cells?
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What term refers to the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus?
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In which cell type would you find chloroplasts?
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What is the main role of mitochondria in the cell?
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Which of the following structures is unique to prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Cytoskeleton and Cell Structure
- Cytoskeleton consists of three types of protein fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate fibers.
- Microfilaments assist cells in changing shape and fitting into tight spaces.
- Microtubules are involved in providing structure and transport within cells.
Genetic Material and Ribosomes
- DNA and certain proteins are synthesized in the nucleus and by ribosomes, respectively.
- DNA must be kept separate from the cytoplasm, while proteins are produced inside the ribosomes that may be associated with membranes.
Nucleus and Organelles
- The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is known as the nuclear envelope.
- Ribosomes produce proteins in a cell; they may be either free or bound to other organelles.
- Bound ribosomes are attached to membrane structures within the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus
- The endoplasmic reticulum moves proteins and other substances through the cell, while the Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for distribution.
Plant Cell Structures
- Plant cells contain a large central vacuole for storage of water, waste, and nutrients, distinguished from organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
- Mitochondria are energy-producing organelles, whereas chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis.
Comparisons of Organelles
- Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are involved in energy processes, with mitochondria focusing on ATP production.
- Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells, while a cell wall is unique to plant cells.
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
- Pili are short, thick outgrowths that allow prokaryotic cells to adhere to surfaces or each other.
- Bacteria serve as an example of prokaryotic cells, contrasting with complex eukaryotic cells like muscle cells or fungi.
Levels of Biological Organization
- The small intestine is classified as an organ, indicating a higher level of organizational complexity within biological systems.
- Colonial organisms consist of individual cells that can survive independently, signaling a level of integration without being multicellular.
Cell Membrane Composition
- Cell membranes are primarily composed of phospholipids, which have a characteristic structure of one polar phosphate head and two nonpolar fatty acid tails, crucial for membrane function.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cytoskeleton components and their functions in this chapter 4 quiz on cell biology. You'll explore various types of fibers and the relationship between DNA and proteins. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of cellular structures.
