Cell Biology: Cytoskeleton, Cilia, and Flagella

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Questions and Answers

What type of DNA is found in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Circular DNA (correct)

Single-stranded DNA

Linear DNA

Double-stranded DNA

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

To provide movement to the cell

To support and hold up the cell (correct)

To regulate cell division

To store genetic material

What is the function of cilia and flagella in a cell?

To allow the cell to move or create movement (correct)

To regulate cell division

To provide structural support

To store nutrients

What is the main difference between vacuoles in plant and animal cells?

Number of vacuoles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

To provide structural support and strength Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

A model of the cell membrane structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

To regulate interactions with the cell's environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

To acquire targeted molecules using receptor proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cell replication?

To restore the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio and maintain cellular efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phagocytosis?

To eliminate small particles and debris from the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between regulated and unregulated exocytosis?

Regulated exocytosis occurs in response to a signal, while unregulated exocytosis does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in cell replication?

To divide the cell into two daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of an imbalance in the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio?

Inefficient exchange of materials and decreased cellular function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of pinocytosis?

To absorb fluid and nutrient substances such as proteins and sugars Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle of cell theory?

All organisms are composed of cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ribosomes in a cell?

To synthesize proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell lacks membrane-bound organelles?

Prokaryotic cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

The thickness of the murein layer in the cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collective 'insides' of a cell, including organelles and cytosol?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

To separate the cell from its environment Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell has a membrane-bound nucleus?

Eukaryotic cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the genetic information stored in a cell?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of bacteria in the ecosystem?

To break down organic substances Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have circular DNA and reproduce by binary fission, similar to bacteria.
They are similar in size to some bacteria.

Cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton is the structural framework of the cell, supporting and holding it up.
It allows organelles to move within the cell and moves chromosomes during cell division.

Cilia and Flagella

Cilia are hair-like projections on the surface of cells, while flagella are tail-like projections at the end of cells.
They allow the cell to move or create movement, consisting of microtubules encased in extensions of the plasma membrane.

Vacuoles

Vacuoles are membrane-bound liquid-filled spaces that act as storage components.
In plant cells, there is a single large vacuole called a cell sap, which provides structure and storage, and contains enzymes.
In animal cells, there are many smaller vacuoles that are temporary, with adipose cells having large vacuoles that store lipids.

Cell Wall

The cell wall is a layer surrounding the plasma membrane, providing strength and rigidity for the cell.
It is found only in plants, bacteria, and fungi, and is made of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.

Plasma Membrane

The plasma membrane is the boundary layer of a cell, separating the cell's internal environment from its surroundings.
It regulates all interactions between the cell and its outside environment.

Cell Types

Cells are the basic structural unit of all living things.
Cell theory states that all organisms are composed of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the smallest living organizational unit.

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are small in size and have a simple cell structure, including bacteria and archaea.
They lack membrane-bound organelles and have a singular circular DNA chromosome in a nucleoid.

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are larger in size and have a complex cell structure, including animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells.
They contain membrane-bound organelles and can be unicellular or multicellular.

Bacteria

Bacteria are microscopic organisms that play an important role in the ecosystem, breaking down substances such as plant and animal wastes.
There are two types of bacteria: gram-positive, which has a thicker layer of murein in the cell wall, and gram-negative, which has a thin layer of murein.

Cell Transport

Pinocytosis is the entry of fluid and nutrient substances into the cell.
Phagocytosis is the entry of large particles like bacteria and cell debris into the cell.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses receptor proteins to acquire targeted molecules.
Exocytosis is the movement of substances out of the cell, using transport vessels containing waste or secretory substances that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Cell Theory and Replication

Cell theory states that all organisms are composed of cells, all cells come from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the smallest living organizational unit.
Cell replication is a form of cell division that produces genetically identical daughter cells to help with the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, growth and development, and maintenance and repair.

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as the importance of the cytoskeleton, cilia, and flagella in cellular biology.