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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, requiring no energy?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, requiring no energy?
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What is the process by which cells create proteins from amino acids?
What is the process by which cells create proteins from amino acids?
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What is the term for the communication between cells through signaling pathways?
What is the term for the communication between cells through signaling pathways?
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What is the process by which cells reproduce, including mitosis and meiosis?
What is the process by which cells reproduce, including mitosis and meiosis?
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What is the term for the process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells?
What is the term for the process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells?
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What is the term for the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
What is the term for the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
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What is the term for the series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli?
What is the term for the series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulates what enters and leaves
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA), controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
- Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: conversion of energy and nutrients into cellular components
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants and some organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Protein synthesis: process by which cells create proteins from amino acids
- Cell signaling: communication between cells through signaling pathways
- Cell division: process by which cells reproduce, includes mitosis and meiosis
Cell Transport
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration, no energy required
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration, energy required
- Carrier proteins: transport molecules across the cell membrane
- Pumps: use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
- Mitosis: process of cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: process of cytoplasmic division, occurs after mitosis
- Meiosis: process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells
Cell Signaling
- Signal transduction pathways: series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli
- Receptors: proteins that bind to signaling molecules, triggering a response
- Hormone signaling: signaling molecules that travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells
- Paracrine signaling: signaling molecules that act on nearby cells
- Autocrine signaling: signaling molecules that act on the same cell that produced them
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, semi-permeable
- Cytoplasm: site of metabolic processes, jelly-like substance
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA), controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: breaks down and recycles cellular waste, contains digestive enzymes
- Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: converts energy and nutrients into cellular components
- Photosynthesis: converts light energy into chemical energy in plants and some organisms
- Cellular respiration: generates energy from glucose in cells
- Protein synthesis: creates proteins from amino acids in cells
- Cell signaling: communication between cells through signaling pathways
- Cell division: process by which cells reproduce, includes mitosis and meiosis
Cell Transport
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration, no energy required
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration, energy required
- Carrier proteins: transport molecules across the cell membrane
- Pumps: use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
- Mitosis: process of cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: process of cytoplasmic division, occurs after mitosis
- Meiosis: process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells
Cell Signaling
- Signal transduction pathways: series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli
- Receptors: proteins that bind to signaling molecules, triggering a response
- Hormone signaling: signaling molecules travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells
- Paracrine signaling: signaling molecules act on nearby cells
- Autocrine signaling: signaling molecules act on the same cell that produced them
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Description
Learn about the different components of a cell, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. Understand their functions and importance in cellular processes.
