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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose?
What is the term for the movement of molecules from high to low concentration, requiring no energy?
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What is the process by which cells create proteins from amino acids?
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What is the term for the communication between cells through signaling pathways?
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What is the process by which cells reproduce, including mitosis and meiosis?
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What is the term for the process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells?
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What is the term for the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
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What is the term for the series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli?
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Study Notes
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell, regulates what enters and leaves
- Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane, where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA), controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes, breaks down and recycles cellular waste
- Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: conversion of energy and nutrients into cellular components
- Photosynthesis: process by which plants and some organisms convert light energy into chemical energy
- Cellular respiration: process by which cells generate energy from glucose
- Protein synthesis: process by which cells create proteins from amino acids
- Cell signaling: communication between cells through signaling pathways
- Cell division: process by which cells reproduce, includes mitosis and meiosis
Cell Transport
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration, no energy required
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration, energy required
- Carrier proteins: transport molecules across the cell membrane
- Pumps: use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
- Mitosis: process of cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: process of cytoplasmic division, occurs after mitosis
- Meiosis: process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells
Cell Signaling
- Signal transduction pathways: series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli
- Receptors: proteins that bind to signaling molecules, triggering a response
- Hormone signaling: signaling molecules that travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells
- Paracrine signaling: signaling molecules that act on nearby cells
- Autocrine signaling: signaling molecules that act on the same cell that produced them
Cell Biology
Cell Structure
- Cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, semi-permeable
- Cytoplasm: site of metabolic processes, jelly-like substance
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA), controls cell growth and reproduction
- Mitochondria: produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, transport, and storage
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: breaks down and recycles cellular waste, contains digestive enzymes
- Golgi apparatus: involved in protein modification, sorting, and secretion
Cell Functions
- Metabolism: converts energy and nutrients into cellular components
- Photosynthesis: converts light energy into chemical energy in plants and some organisms
- Cellular respiration: generates energy from glucose in cells
- Protein synthesis: creates proteins from amino acids in cells
- Cell signaling: communication between cells through signaling pathways
- Cell division: process by which cells reproduce, includes mitosis and meiosis
Cell Transport
- Passive transport: movement of molecules from high to low concentration, no energy required
- Diffusion: random movement of molecules
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
- Active transport: movement of molecules from low to high concentration, energy required
- Carrier proteins: transport molecules across the cell membrane
- Pumps: use energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradient
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: period of cell growth and preparation for cell division
- Mitosis: process of cell division, resulting in two identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis: process of cytoplasmic division, occurs after mitosis
- Meiosis: process of gamete formation, resulting in four non-identical daughter cells
Cell Signaling
- Signal transduction pathways: series of molecular events that transmit signals from receptors to respond to stimuli
- Receptors: proteins that bind to signaling molecules, triggering a response
- Hormone signaling: signaling molecules travel through the bloodstream to reach target cells
- Paracrine signaling: signaling molecules act on nearby cells
- Autocrine signaling: signaling molecules act on the same cell that produced them
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Description
Learn about the different components of a cell, including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes. Understand their functions and importance in cellular processes.
