Cell Biology: Cell Cortex and Its Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of the cortex in human red blood cells?

  • Myosin
  • Spectrin (correct)
  • Actin
  • Myosin and actin
  • What is the main function of the cortex in red blood cells?

  • To change their shape and move
  • To selectively take up materials from their environment
  • To provide mechanical strength as they are pumped through blood vessels (correct)
  • To restrain the diffusion of proteins within the plasma membrane
  • What is the main characteristic of lipids in terms of solubility?

  • They are more soluble in organic solvents than in water (correct)
  • They are highly soluble in water
  • They are equally soluble in both organic and water solvents
  • They are insoluble in all solvents
  • What is the function of the attachment proteins in the cortex of red blood cells?

    <p>To bind to transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell cortex in animal cells?

    <p>To maintain the cell's shape and mechanical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the cortex of other cells compared to red blood cells?

    <p>It is more complex and has additional functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cortex of human red blood cells?

    <p>Spectrin dimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of actin in the cortex of red blood cells?

    <p>It forms a mesh with spectrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spectrin network in red blood cells?

    <p>To maintain the cell's shape and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transmembrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

    <p>To attach the cell cortex to the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell wall in plants, yeasts, and bacteria?

    <p>To maintain the cell's shape and mechanical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the thickness of a single cell membrane relative to the thickness of a sheet of paper?

    <p>It is 10,000 times thinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane in relation to the cortex?

    <p>It is attached to the cortex by attachment proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of genetic alterations that affect the structure of spectrin in mice and humans?

    <p>Anemia and production of spherical, fragile red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the cortex in most animal cells?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the attachment proteins in the spectrin network?

    <p>To link spectrin to specific transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the red blood cells in individuals with an abnormal spectrin structure?

    <p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the meshwork in the cortex of red blood cells?

    <p>Spectrin tetramers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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