30 Questions
What is the main characteristic of lipids?
Composed of hydrogen and carbon
Which molecule is considered amphipathic in nature?
Phospholipids
Who were the scientists credited with the discovery of the DNA double helix structure?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What is the main function of nucleic acids?
Transmitting genetic information
What is the main role of carbohydrates in the body?
Aid in energy production for cells
Which of the following is NOT a category of important organic molecules?
Enzymes
What is the composition of proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
Which organic molecule category serves as the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What type of bonds connect amino acids to form polypeptide chains?
Peptide bonds
At which structural level do amino acids polymerize to form higher-level protein organization?
Primary structure
What is the basic living unit of the body?
Cell
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
Signal transduction and communication
What does the phospholipid bilayer consist of?
Double layer of phospholipid molecules
Which component of the plasma membrane interacts with phospholipids to determine membrane flexibility?
Cholesterol
What are integral membrane proteins known for?
Having hydrophobic regions within the plasma membrane
What kind of charge does the 'hydrophilic head' of a phospholipid molecule have?
-ve charge
What is the role of Tamoxifen?
Acting as an estrogen receptor antagonist
Which component is NOT part of an RNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose sugar
What is the main function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?
Bringing amino acids to ribosome
What is the specific point where transcription begins on a DNA strand?
Promoter
Which scientist won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999 for the discovery related to protein transport within cells?
Günter Blobel
What process involves the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane for protein release from a cell?
Exocytosis
Which organelle is responsible for the latter stages of protein synthesis and sorting proteins for specific destinations?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the mitochondria in a cell?
Energy production
What is the purpose of lysosomes in a cell?
Detoxification
Which structure contains its own DNA and plays a vital role in respiration within a cell?
Mitochondria
What is the function of the centrosome in a cell?
Organization of microtubules
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins to be exported by the cell?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the main function of microtubules in a cell's cytoskeleton?
Cell movement and transport
Which fluid is located inside the cells?
Intracellular Fluid (ICF)
Test your knowledge on the basic characteristics of cells, cell membrane functions, and the role of cells as the basic living unit of the body. Topics include oxygen consumption, breakdown of nutrients, energy requirements, semi-permeability, containment, and signal transduction.
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