Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the term for the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components of living organisms?
What type of cell lacks a true nucleus?
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What is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for cell division?
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What organelle is responsible for generating energy for the cell?
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What is the process of communication between cells through molecular signals?
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What is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides into two daughter cells?
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What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
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What is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored?
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Study Notes
Structure and Function
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
- Cells are the building blocks of tissues, organs, and entire organisms.
Cell Components
- Plasma membrane: a thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out.
- Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place.
- Nucleus: the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
- Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes: organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.
- Lysosomes: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure (e.g., plants, animals, fungi).
Cell Processes
- Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
- Cell growth and division: the process of cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division to produce new cells.
- Cell signaling: the process of communication between cells through molecular signals.
- Cell death: the process of programmed cell death (apoptosis) or cell death due to injury or disease.
Cell Cycle
- Interphase: the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
- Mitosis: the stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides into two daughter cells.
- Cytokinesis: the stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells.
Cell Structure and Function
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms.
- Cells are the building blocks of tissues, organs, and entire organisms.
Cell Components
- Plasma membrane is a thin, semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell and regulates movement of substances in and out.
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell where metabolic processes take place.
- Nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored.
- Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis.
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification.
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances.
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically small and simple in structure, e.g., bacteria.
- Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are typically larger and more complex in structure, e.g., plants, animals, fungi.
Cell Processes
- Metabolism is the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms.
- Cell growth and division involves cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division to produce new cells.
- Cell signaling involves communication between cells through molecular signals.
- Cell death involves programmed cell death (apoptosis) or cell death due to injury or disease.
Cell Cycle
- Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division.
- Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides into two daughter cells.
- Cytokinesis is the stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits into two daughter cells.
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Description
Learn about the structure and function of cells, the basic units of life. Explore the components of cells, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
