Cell Biology Basics

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

To synthesize proteins
To store waste products
To control most cell processes and contain DNA (correct)
To generate energy for the cell

What is the function of nuclear pores?

To protect the DNA from damage
To allow certain components to enter and leave the nucleus (correct)
To transcribe DNA into RNA
To replicate DNA during cell division

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are found only in plants, while eukaryotic cells are found only in animals
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do not
Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not (correct)

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

To synthesize proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cell membrane?

To regulate what enters and leaves the cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for uncoiled DNA with associated proteins?

Chromatin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the cell theory?

All living things are made up of cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob in a microscope?

To move the stage up and down to focus the object. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a micrograph and a regular photograph?

A micrograph is a photo of an object seen through a microscope, while a regular photograph is a photo of an object seen with the naked eye. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of mitosis or meiosis in the formation of an organism?

The production of new cells from existing cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the diaphragm in a microscope?

To regulate the amount of light that enters the microscope. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between transmission and scanning electron microscopes?

Transmission electron microscopes use electrons, while scanning electron microscopes use lenses. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins carried to after being assembled on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Golgi apparatus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis?

Sorting and packaging proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of vacuoles help regulate water balance in an animal cell?

Contractile vacuole (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the size of a plant vacuole when the plant is watered?

It increases (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins assembled in the cell?

Ribosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vesicles in protein synthesis?

Transporting proteins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vesicles within the cell?

To store and transport materials within the cell and to and from the external cellular environment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of microfilaments in cells?

Actin proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

To generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

To capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of microtubules in cell division?

To form the mitotic spindle during cell division (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are mitochondria not found?

In prokaryotic cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is a higher concentration of solute on one side of the cell membrane than the other?

Net movement of solute particles from the side with higher concentration to the side with lower concentration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is facilitated diffusion?

The process of particles moving through special protein channels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

Osmosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process in which a cell takes in a particle by forming a pocket around it?

Endocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of transport that requires energy from ATP?

Active transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a solution in which the concentration of solute is equal to that of the cell?

Isotonic (D) Signup and view all the answers