Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell, maintains cell shape, and provides mechanical support
Which cell organelle is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP?
Mitochondria
During which stage of cell division do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in cellular processes?
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What is the primary function of lysosomes in cellular processes?
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What is the term for the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
- Consists of:
- Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
Cell Membrane
- Also known as plasma membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
- Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape
- Provides mechanical support
- Composed of:
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Proteins (integral and peripheral)
- Cholesterol
Cell Organelles
- Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
- Examples:
- Nucleus: contains genetic material
- Mitochondria: generates energy (ATP)
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): protein synthesis and transport
- Ribosomes: protein synthesis
- Lysosomes: cellular digestion and recycling
- Golgi apparatus: protein modification and transport
Cell Division
- Process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
- Types:
- Mitosis: somatic cell division (body cells)
- Meiosis: gamete cell division (sex cells)
- Stages of cell division:
- Interphase: cell growth and preparation
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: chromosomes align at center of cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides
Cell Transport
- Movement of molecules across the cell membrane
- Types:
- Passive transport:
- Diffusion: movement from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water into or out of cell
- Facilitated diffusion: protein-mediated transport
- Active transport:
- Pumping molecules against concentration gradient
- Requires energy (ATP)
- Passive transport:
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Description
Learn about the structure and functions of cells, including cell membrane, organelles, cell division, and cell transport. Understand the basics of cell biology and its importance in living organisms.
