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What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Vacuoles are only found in plant cells.
False
What is the composition of a vacuole in a cell?
Water, ions, sugars, and other substances
Lysosomes are often referred to as __________ bags due to their role in autolysis.
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Match each organelle with its primary function:
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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Chromoplasts are colorless plastids found in plant cells.
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Name the three types of plastids found in plant cells.
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Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called ______.
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Match the type of plastid with its function:
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Study Notes
Cell Wall
- Found in plant cells, bacteria and fungi, but not animal cells
- Provides structural support and protection to the cell
- Made up of cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi, peptidoglycan in bacteria
- Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Plasma Membrane
- Found in all cells
- Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
- Made up of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cytosol
- The fluid inside the cell, excluding the organelles
- Contains water, ions, and various dissolved molecules
- Serves as a medium for chemical reactions and transport
Mitochondria
- The powerhouse of the cell
- Responsible for cellular respiration, converting glucose into ATP (energy)
- Contains its own DNA and ribosomes
- Has a double membrane structure
Nucleus
- The control center of the cell
- Contains the cell's DNA in the form of chromosomes
- Controls cellular processes, including growth, development, and reproduction
- Surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope
Ribosome
- Site of protein synthesis
- Found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum
- Composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins
- Reads the instructions from mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Extensive network of membranes that extends throughout the cytoplasm of a cell
- Two types: rough ER (studded with ribosomes) and smooth ER (lacks ribosomes)
- Rough ER involved in protein synthesis and modification
- Smooth ER involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
- Stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs called cisternae
- Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
- Adds carbohydrates to proteins
- Secretes substances outside the cell
Lysosomes
- Single-membrane bound organelles
- Contains hydrolytic enzymes (digestive enzymes)
- Digest food particles, waste materials, and worn-out organelles
- Involved in the destruction of pathogens
- Can cause cell lysis (autolysis) when the cell is old or damaged
- Often called "suicidal bags"
Centrioles
- Small, cylindrical structures found in animal cells (not plants)
- Involved in cell division (mitosis and meiosis)
- Organize microtubules (part of the cytoskeleton)
Vacuole
- Fluid-filled, single-membrane bound organelles
- Membrane of vacuole called the tonoplast
- Store salts, minerals, pigments, proteins, and lipids
- Provide structural support to plant cells
- Help maintain homeostasis
- Important for turgor pressure in plants
Plastids
- Membrane-bound organelles found only in plant cells and photosynthetic protists
- Three types: chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and chromoplasts
Chloroplasts
- Site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells
- Contains chlorophyll (green pigment necessary for photosynthesis)
- Contains its own DNA and ribosomes
- Has a double membrane structure
- Thylakoids: sacs within the chloroplast where light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur
- Grana: stacks of thylakoids
- Stroma: the fluid within the chloroplast where light-independent reactions occur
Chromoplasts
- Contain pigments associated with bright colors
- Found in flower petals and fruits
- Give color to fruits and flowers
- Involved in pollination and dispersal of fruits
Leucoplasts
- Colorless plastids
- Non-pigmented organelles
- Involved in the storage of food (e.g., in fruits and seeds)
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts of cell biology, including the structure and function of the cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, mitochondria, and nucleus. This quiz covers essential information about cellular components and their roles in life processes.
