Cell Biology and Microscopy Quiz

False (B)

Electron microscopy offers much higher magnification and resolution, enabling the visualization of structures at the molecular level.

<p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bright-field = Uses differences in contrast between the specimen and its surroundings Phase-contrast = Enhances contrast by converting differences in refractive index into variations in brightness Differential interference contrast = Creates an image with a 3D-like appearance by exaggerating subtle differences in refractive index Dark-field = Illuminates the specimen from the sides, making it appear bright against a dark background Fluorescence = Uses fluorescent dyes to illuminate specific structures in the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>polyphosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integral and peripheral membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fimbria = Attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a cell wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>extreme</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protects against osmotic lysis and maintains cell shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive = Thick peptidoglycan layer, teichoic acids Gram-negative = Thin peptidoglycan layer, outer membrane Mycobacteria = No cell wall, unique waxy layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They slowly disappear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To push or pull the cell through liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>benstonite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heliobacterium modesticaldum = Contains sulfur granules Gloeomargarita = Contains benstonite granules Bacterial flagella = Cell locomotion Gas vesicles = Buoyancy in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gliding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>twitching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis = Movement towards or away from a chemical gradient Phototaxis = Movement towards or away from light Magnetotaxis = Movement in response to magnetic fields Thigmotaxis = Movement in response to touch or physical contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serve as channels for solute transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide structural strength and protect the cell from osmotic lysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolytic enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sticky coat of polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

A technique using visible light and lenses to magnify samples.

A method to classify bacteria based on their cell wall composition using specific dyes.

A microscopy technique that uses electrons for higher magnification and resolution than light microscopy.

A type of electron microscopy that transmits electrons through a thin sample to observe internal structures.

A type of electron microscopy that scans a sample's surface with electrons to create 3D images.

The outer structure of prokaryotic cells, including the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, and outer membrane.

The innermost layer of the cell envelope, controlling what enters and exits the cell.

The ability of cells to move, often through structures like flagella or cilia.

A crucial nutrient and component for nucleic acids and ATP in cells.

Proteins unique to the outer membrane that act as channels for substance transport.

The space between the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane in bacteria.

Outer layers found in bacteria and archaea, providing structural strength and protection.

Sticky coats of polysaccharides outside the cell for attachment and protection.

Hair-like structures on bacteria used for attachment to surfaces.

Enzymes located in the periplasm involved in the degradation of substances.

Structures in certain bacteria that provide buoyancy in water.

Filamentous structures on the cell surface that aid attachment.

Thin, hair-like structures that facilitate genetic exchange and motility.

Carbon storage polymers found in prokaryotes, stored as granules.

A common carbon storage molecule used by cells when needed.

Storage form of inorganic phosphate used during nutrient limitation.

Bacteria have ester-linked fatty acids; Archaea have ether-linked isoprenoid chains.

Regulates entry/exit of substances, maintains gradient.

A layer outside the cytoplasmic membrane that protects against osmotic lysis.

Gram-positive have thick cell walls; Gram-negative have thinner walls with outer membranes.

Archaea can thrive in high-pressure or extreme temperatures, unlike most cells.

Mycobacteria do not have a traditional cell wall.

Smooth motion along a cell's long axis without external structures.

Proteins that mediate cell adhesion during gliding motility.

Movement caused by the extension and retraction of type IV pili.

Directed movement of organisms toward or away from a chemical gradient.

Movement of organisms toward or away from light.

A species of bacteria known for its unique metabolic processes and ability to oxidize sulfur.

Long, whip-like structures that enable bacterial movement by rotating.

Similar to flagella, but found in archaea and also help in movement through rotation.

A cyanobacterium that contains granules of the mineral benstonite.