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Questions and Answers
What is the direction of measuring angles in the usual practice?
What is the formula to calculate the sum of interior angles of a closed traverse?
What is the purpose of measuring azimuth angles in surveying?
What is the definition of an interior angle in surveying?
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What is the method used to determine the bearing of each line if the bearing of one line is known?
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How many angles or directions can be determined at one setup of the transit or theodolite in azimuth traverse?
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What is a traverse in surveying?
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What type of traverse is used extensively in control, construction, property, and topographic surveys?
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What is a common type of error in angle measurement?
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What is the range of variation for bearings in calculating closed traverse?
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What is an azimuth typically measured from in surveying?
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What type of traverse is recommended to avoid due to lack of observational checks?
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What does DEPARTURE in ENGR.GABA refer to?
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What is the reason for the length and departure being zero for a closed traverse?
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What is the correct relative direction of the bearing between courses 3-4 and 4-5?
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What is the approximate total bearing change between courses 1-2 and 2-3?
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What is the approximate length of course 1-2?
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What is the relative bearing of course 4-5 compared to course 3-4?
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Study Notes
Traverse Surveying
- A traverse is a series of consecutive lines whose ends have been marked in the field and whose lengths and directions have been determined from observations.
Types of Traverses
- Closed Traverse: Provides checks on the observed angles and distances, which is an extremely important consideration. Used extensively in control, construction, property, and topographic surveys.
- Open Traverse: Consists of a series of lines that are connected but do not return to the starting point or close upon a point of equal or greater order accuracy. Should be avoided because they offer no means of checking for observational errors and mistakes.
Errors in Angle Measurement
- Personal Errors: Instrument not centered over point, pointing errors, unequal settling of tripod, improper focusing of telescope, instrument not level, and placement and plumbing of rod.
Calculating Closed Traverse Bearings and Azimuths
- Bearings: Vary from 0 to 90 degrees, require two letters and a numerical value, and are measured clockwise and counterclockwise from north and south.
- Azimuths: Vary from 0 to 360 degrees, require only a numerical value, and are measured clockwise only from north or south.
Interior Angle Traverse
- Used principally in land surveying, the usual practice of measuring angles is in a clockwise direction. Interior Angle – angle enclosed by the sides of a closed traverse.
Sample Problems
- Sample problem: Determine the interior angle at C in a five-sided closed traverse.
- Sample problem: Determine the bearing of each line if the bearing of line AB is N 15°30’ E.
- Sample problem: Determine the bearing and azimuth from north of all traverse lines.
- Sample problem: Calculate latitude and departure for a closed traverse.
Latitude and Departure
- Latitude: The projection on the north-south meridian. Northern Latitude is positive, while Southern Latitude is negative.
- Departure: The projection on the east-west line. Eastern Departure is positive, while Western Departure is negative.
- For a closed traverse, ΣLatitude = 0 and ΣDeparture = 0.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Traverse Surveying, a method of surveying that involves measuring distances and angles between points in a site's boundary. Learn about the different types of traverses and how they are used in surveying.
