40 Questions
CD8+ T cells differentiate into effector CTLs during chronic infections like HIV or HCV.
False
Exhausted CTLs exhibit enhanced cytokine production and reduced expression of inhibitory receptors like PD-1.
False
T cell exhaustion is a phenomenon observed only during acute infections.
False
T cell exhaustion can contribute to the persistence of chronic infections but not cancer.
False
CTLs kill target cells mainly through fas/FasL-mediated cell killing.
False
Effector CTLs recognize and engage with infected target cells displaying the specific antigen on their surface through binding of CD4 molecules.
False
CTLs release cytokines, such as interferons, which directly induce apoptosis in the target cell.
False
Perforin forms pores in the target cell membrane, allowing the entry of granzymes into the nucleus.
False
CTLs play a minimal role in immune surveillance against cancer due to the specificity of tumor antigens.
False
T helper cells can inhibit the differentiation of CTLs into effector cells.
False
Effector CTLs recognize and eliminate only infected cells, not abnormal cells.
False
Perforin forms pores in the target cell membrane, allowing the release of granzymes into the cytosol.
False
Effector CTLs produce cytokines that inhibit inflammation and suppress immune responses.
False
Naïve CD8+ T cells are most effectively activated by antigens presented by B cells.
False
Class I MHC molecules present extracellular antigens to CD8+ T cells.
False
Perforin is a pore-forming protein that causes target cell death by inducing apoptosis.
False
CTLs primarily kill target cells by releasing granzymes, which are serine proteases.
True
Cytotoxic granules in CTLs store molecules that are essential for inducing programmed cell death in target cells.
True
CTLs form an immune synapse with helper T cells to promote the differentiation of CTLs.
False
Fas/FasL-mediated cell killing is the primary mechanism through which CTLs induce apoptosis in target cells.
False
FasL is expressed on the surface of target cells that are being killed by CTLs.
False
Fas is a ligand for FasL in the process of CTL-mediated cell killing.
False
The interaction between FasL on CTLs and Fas on the target cell surface triggers apoptosis in the target cell.
True
The Fas/FasL-mediated cell killing pathway involves the interaction between Fas and FasL expressed on the same cell type.
False
CTLs can induce apoptosis in target cells through perforin/granzyme-mediated cell killing.
True
Perforin-mediated membrane disruption allows the entry of Bcl-2 into the cytoplasm of the target cell.
False
Granzyme-mediated cleavage of substrates leads to the inactivation of caspases.
False
Apoptosis is characterized by DNA duplication, nuclear expansion, and membrane expansion.
False
The process of CTL-mediated killing is slow, often taking days for the death of the target cell after CTL-target cell interaction.
False
CTLs kill target cells mainly through fas/FasL-mediated cell killing.
False
Effector CTLs acquire cytotoxic capabilities and migrate to the site of infection or inflammation.
True
Effector CTLs can release cytokines like interleukin-2 (IL-2) to induce apoptosis in target cells.
False
Naïve CD8+ T cells undergo clonal expansion upon activation, leading to the generation of a large pool of effector and memory T cells.
True
Chemokines guide the migration of effector CTLs and other leukocytes to the site of antigenic challenge in tissues or organs.
True
CTLs play a significant role in immune surveillance against cancer due to their ability to recognize and engage with tumor antigens on target cells.
True
T helper cells inhibit the differentiation of CTLs into effector cells during chronic infections like HIV or HCV.
False
Antigen cross-presentation occurs when DCs present endogenous antigens on MHC-I molecules to activate CD8+ T cells.
False
T cell exhaustion is only observed during chronic infections, not cancer.
False
Perforin forms pores in the target cell membrane that allow the entry of cytokines like interferons into the nucleus.
False
Effector CTLs primarily kill target cells through fas/FasL-mediated cell killing rather than perforin/granzyme-mediated killing.
False
Learn about the differentiation of CD8+ T cells into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) during acute infections, and the exhaustion of CTLs in chronic infections like HIV or HCV. Understand the functional differences and implications of these processes in immune response.
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