CCNA 1 – Introduction to Networks Quiz

The Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a standard protocol used for delivering audio and video over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It is used in real-time applications such as video conferencing, internet telephony, and streaming media.

Zigbee is a wireless technology designed for low-power, low-bandwidth applications. It is popular for home automation as it allows for low-power communication between devices over short distances while using minimal energy.

The Network layer (Layer 3) of the TCP/IP model is responsible for addressing and routing data packets. It determines the path that data will take across an internetwork, ensuring packets reach their destination.

A DNS server relies on various record types, including A (address), NS (nameserver), AAAA (IPv6 address), and MX (mail exchange), to map domain names to corresponding IP addresses. It ensures the internet works by translating user-friendly domain names into numerical IP addresses.

Proprietary protocols are communication standards owned and controlled by a specific organization. They are not open to public use or modification without permission, potentially limiting interoperability with other systems.

The Domain Name System (DNS) provides a service that translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into numerical IP addresses (like 172.217.160.142) that computers understand. This allows users to access websites and other online resources without memorizing complex IP addresses.

The client is requesting the Post Office Protocol (POP3), a protocol for retrieving emails from a mail server. Port 110 is the standard port for POP3 communication.

To view the IP configuration of a Windows computer, use the 'ipconfig' command in the Command Prompt. This command displays details about the network interfaces, including their IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways.

IMAP allows for clients to access and manage emails on a remote server without needing to download them locally, which is advantageous for small organizations as it can improve collaboration and access across multiple devices.

The technician can use the tracert or traceroute utility to diagnose the problem. This will map the path data takes to get to the web server and give insight into where the connection is failing.

Two functions performed at the LLC sublayer are framing and flow control. Framing is responsible for structuring data into frames for transmission. Flow control prevents overwhelming the receiver by controlling the rate of data sent.

The command sets the default gateway of the switch, so any traffic destined for addresses outside the switch's local network will be forwarded to the specified gateway.

This command enables SSH connections to the switch, allowing for secure remote access.

Virus: Malicious software designed to replicate itself and spread. Worm: Self-replicating malware that spreads across networks. Trojan horse: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software. Logic bomb: Malware that triggers a harmful action based on a specific condition. Denial of service: Attack that aims to disrupt normal operation of a service or network. Sniffing: Interception of network traffic to steal data. Spoofing: Attempting to impersonate a legitimate entity. Man-in-the-middle: Attack that intercepts communications and acts as a mediator between two parties. Social Engineering: Psychological manipulation techniques to gain access to sensitive information. Phishing: Attempt to obtain sensitive information through deceptive emails or websites.

The disgruntled employee is performing reconnaissance, gathering information to plan a future attack.

HTTP provides the service of transferring files and data over the internet.

The client is requesting the DHCP service, used to automatically assign IP addresses to devices on a network.

Two problems caused by a large number of ARP messages are network congestion and performance degradation, as the switch is flooded with ARP requests and replies, slowing down network traffic.

The three Windows CLI commands and utilities are ipconfig, ping, and nslookup. ipconfig shows IP configuration, ping verifies connectivity to the router, and nslookup checks DNS settings.

After matching the destination IP address, the router will perform a lookup in the routing table to determine the next hop for the packet.

Antispyware is software that detects and removes spyware from a computer.

The SSH access method should be chosen to keep the connection encrypted and secure.

Two effective ways to defend against malware are using updated antivirus software and keeping the operating system and applications patched. These ensure the latest protections against known and emerging threats.

The destination MAC address is the MAC address of the intended recipient on the local network. This is the address of the device the packet is intended to reach.

Cloud computing can provide scalability, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility in networking. It allows organizations to access and manage resources like servers, storage, and software on demand, reducing capital expenditure and increasing agility.

MAC addresses are unique to each device on the network.

The data link layer is responsible for providing error-free data transmission over a physical link by managing the flow of data and handling error detection.

The CSMA/CD process is a method for sharing a network medium. It involves carriers sense multiple access with collision detection.

The show startup-config command displays the saved configuration of the device, which includes all the settings that are loaded when the device boots up.

The network layer is responsible for addressing and routing data packets across the network.

The IPv4 routing table contains routes that identify known destinations on the network. Each entry in the table specifies the destination network, the next hop router to reach that network, and the interface to use for sending traffic.

A VPN creates a secure connection over a public network. It encrypts data and provides a private tunnel for users to access private networks remotely.

A Layer 2 switch needs an IP address to be managed by network devices, such as a router or a management console. This allows for configuration and monitoring of the switch on the network.

A subnet ID refers to the network portion of an IP address, indicating the specific network that the address belongs to. For an IPv6 address with a /64 prefix, the subnet ID comprises the first 64 bits of the address.

A firewall is a network security device that examines incoming and outgoing network traffic and blocks access to unauthorized traffic. It acts as a barrier to protect a network from external threats by enforcing predefined security rules.

The service password-encryption command on Cisco devices encrypts stored passwords, making them more difficult to decipher. This enhances password security by preventing unauthorized access even if the configuration file is compromised.

IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long, while IPv6 addresses are 128 bits long. This allows for a much larger address space in IPv6.

A subnet mask helps you determine which part of an IP address is the network ID and which part is the host ID. It allows you to divide a large network into smaller subnets.

Identity theft refers to the unauthorized use of another person's personal information, such as their name, credit card details, or social security number, for illegal activities.

The smallest network mask for 200 devices is /23 as it provides enough addresses. A /23 mask allows for 512 addresses, sufficient to support your 200 devices.

Common cabling standards ensure consistent installation and compatibility for reliable network connections. Examples include EIA/TIA-568, ISO/IEC 11801, and ANSI/TIA/EIA-568.

The termination in the exhibit is incorrect because the wires are not in the correct order for TIA/EIA 568B standards.

The TCP protocol provides a reliable, ordered, and connection-oriented communication channel. It checks for errors, and if a packet is lost, it retransmits it, ensuring that data is delivered reliably.

The UDP protocol provides a connectionless, unreliable communication channel. It's efficient for applications requiring fast data transfer, even if a few packets are lost or arrive out of order.

The service password-encryption command enables encryption of the passwords stored in the configuration file. When the encryption is enabled, the passwords are protected even if the configuration file is compromised, which makes the configuration file less susceptible to breaches.

An IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) is a network security device that detects and blocks malicious activity in real time. It analyzes network traffic for suspicious patterns and proactively prevents attacks before they can impact the network.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) automatically assigns IP addresses to network devices. This simplifies network management by eliminating the need for manual IP address assignments.

The standard connector used with twisted-pair cabling in an Ethernet LAN is the RJ-45 connector. It is a modular connector with eight pins, commonly found on Ethernet network cables and network devices.

The client is requesting the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, which provides a secure connection for remote login, command-line access, and file transfers over a network.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is responsible for mapping IP addresses to their corresponding MAC addresses.

Fluorescent lights and electrical equipment can generate electromagnetic interference (EMI), which can disrupt copper cabling and cause signal distortion and data corruption.

When a host needs to send a packet to a device on a remote LAN segment, and there's no mapping in its ARP cache, it sends an ARP broadcast request to the local network. The device with the matching IP address responds with its MAC address, updating the host's cache.

DNS (Domain Name System) service.

The smallest network mask that can support 25 connected devices is /27. This network mask provides 30 usable host addresses (2^5 - 2 = 30).

A Trojan horse is a type of malware that disguises itself as a legitimate program or file. It often appears harmless, but once executed, it can secretly perform malicious actions.

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) provides a secure communication channel between a client and a server. It uses encryption to protect data transmitted over the internet.

The TCP/IP model's Transport Layer provides multiplexing, using port numbers to separate data streams from different applications. This allows a single network connection to handle traffic for multiple applications.

The smallest network mask that can support 61 connected devices is /26. This network mask provides 62 usable host addresses (2^6 - 2 = 62).

A DoS (Denial of Service) attack attempts to overwhelm a target system with a flood of requests, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system's resources.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is responsible for sending emails between email servers.

The Transport Layer is responsible for segmenting data into packets and providing reliable transmission between communicating applications. It ensures that packets arrive in the correct order and are free from errors.

Attenuation refers to the loss of signal strength as it travels through a network medium. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs over long distances or when the signal encounters resistance.

The error message indicates that the switch is not able to boot because the configuration file is missing or corrupt. It could be due to a failed boot flash or a corrupt IOS image.

The top layer of the TCP/IP model is referred to as the Application Layer, and it includes protocols like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and FTP (File Transfer Protocol) that provide services directly to users.

The Public folder permissions reflect the Authentication (who can access the server), Authorization (what operations are allowed), and Accounting (logging user activity) aspects of the AAA network service framework.

Network communication protocols define requirements for message format, addressing, and data transmission to ensure successful data transfer across a network.

IP is connectionless, meaning that packets are sent independently without establishing a dedicated connection. It is also best effort, meaning that there are no guarantees that packets will arrive in order or at all.

The scenario describes the network characteristics of Redundancy (secondary connection took over), Reliability (no disruption noticed despite the failure), and Quality of Service (excellent video quality).

UTP cabling can experience signal degradation due to factors like Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) from electrical equipment or fluorescent lights, and Crosstalk, where signals from adjacent cables interfere with each other.

The subnet 192.168.1.0/26 would include the IP address 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address. This is because /26 blocks are defined by the formula 2^6 - 2 = 62 usable host addresses.

The output suggests that R1 is connected to R2 (since it is in the routing table), and there is a valid route to 192.168.2.0 network.

Protocol analyzers capture and analyze network traffic by filtering traffic by specific protocols and identifying traffic types. Based on the content of the packets, they can identify traffic patterns and understand network usage.

Configuring a router with the ipv6 unicast-routing command enables the router to process and forward IPv6 unicast packets. This setting is necessary to support communication over IPv6 networks.

The Application Layer of the TCP/IP model maps to layers 5, 6, and 7 of the OSI model, which are the Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer.

When PC1 sends a packet to PC2, R1 receives the Ethernet frame header. R1 looks up the destination IP address (192.168.2.20) in its routing table. Based on the routing table, R1 forwards the packet to R2, replacing the Ethernet frame header with a new header containing the MAC address of R2.

If the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host, the host will not be able to send packets outside its local network. The host will attempt to send the packets to the incorrect gateway address, which will result in network connectivity issues.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a dynamic protocol that maintains a cache of MAC addresses for frequently accessed devices to reduce the time needed to determine the MAC address of a destination device. ARP is used for resolving IP addresses into MAC addresses and helps devices communicate effectively on a local network.

The smallest network mask that can support 90 connected devices is /25. This network mask provides 126 usable host addresses (2^7 - 2 = 126).

ICMPv6 includes Router Solicitation (RS) and Router Advertisement (RA), which are used in IPv6 network discovery and address configuration. These messages are not present in ICMP for IPv4.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) service.