Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the presence of a
substance where it should not be
or at concentrations above
background?
What is the presence of a substance where it should not be or at concentrations above background?
contamination
It is due to the influence or
activities of people
It is due to the influence or activities of people
pollution
It always creates harmful effects
It always creates harmful effects
pollutants
It does not always create harmful
effects.
It does not always create harmful effects.
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“All pollutants are
contaminants, but not
all contaminants are
pollutants.” T or F
“All pollutants are contaminants, but not all contaminants are pollutants.” T or F
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6 Common Chemical Pollutants
6 Common Chemical Pollutants
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3 Main Parameters of Water
3 Main Parameters of Water
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contaminants that can cause sickness or illness at very low
levels or low exposure
contaminants that can cause sickness or illness at very low levels or low exposure
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cause sickness or illness only after prolonged
exposure to the contaminant in drinking water
cause sickness or illness only after prolonged exposure to the contaminant in drinking water
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6 common contaminants encountered in water treatment
6 common contaminants encountered in water treatment
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11 Basic Water Quality Parameters
11 Basic Water Quality Parameters
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Measured hydrogen ion concentration. Negative log of hydrogen ion concentration. It reflects the acidity or alkalinity of solution
Measured hydrogen ion concentration. Negative log of hydrogen ion concentration. It reflects the acidity or alkalinity of solution
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The measure of the ability of water to conduct an electric current and
depends upon the number of ions or charged particles in the water, and is
measured by passing a current between two electrodes that are placed into a
sample water.
The measure of the ability of water to conduct an electric current and depends upon the number of ions or charged particles in the water, and is measured by passing a current between two electrodes that are placed into a sample water.
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in measuring this, we consider the concentration of salt
dissolved in the water.
in measuring this, we consider the concentration of salt dissolved in the water.
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Amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) dissolved in water.
Amount of gaseous oxygen (O2) dissolved in water.
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The cloudy or muddy appearance of a naturally clear liquid caused by the
suspension of particulate matter.
The cloudy or muddy appearance of a naturally clear liquid caused by the suspension of particulate matter.
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Is the amount of oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a
body of water to break down organic material present in a given water
sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
Is the amount of oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
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are caused by volatile substances associated with organic matter, living organisms, and gases
are caused by volatile substances associated with organic matter, living organisms, and gases
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are caused by: Chlorides and sulfates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium; Organisms (algae); Industrial Waste
are caused by: Chlorides and sulfates of calcium, magnesium, and sodium; Organisms (algae); Industrial Waste
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three categories of solids
three categories of solids
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are relatively larger and heavier particles that can
settle under the influence of gravity within a specified time period
are relatively larger and heavier particles that can settle under the influence of gravity within a specified time period
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refer to solid particles that are small enough to
remain suspended in wastewater without settling.
refer to solid particles that are small enough to remain suspended in wastewater without settling.
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Particles that are dissolved in water and cannot be removed by
physical separation methods.
Particles that are dissolved in water and cannot be removed by physical separation methods.
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Known as “Acid neutralizing capacity of water”. is a measure of the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, or
hydroxide constituents.
Known as “Acid neutralizing capacity of water”. is a measure of the presence of bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide constituents.
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is the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Usually
expressed as the number of parts per million (ppm).
is the amount of dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water. Usually expressed as the number of parts per million (ppm).
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they indicate the presence of fecal material and
hence the presence of intestinal pathogens.
they indicate the presence of fecal material and hence the presence of intestinal pathogens.
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The maximum concentration of a chemical that is allowed in public
drinking water systems.
The maximum concentration of a chemical that is allowed in public drinking water systems.
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what does NTU mean
what does NTU mean
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MRDL
MRDL
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7 Water Treatment Processes
7 Water Treatment Processes
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One of the problem comes from material that is less than one
micrometer (0.001 mm) in size, which is called
One of the problem comes from material that is less than one micrometer (0.001 mm) in size, which is called
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The process of decreasing the stability of the colloids in water is called
The process of decreasing the stability of the colloids in water is called
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Two opposing forces that impact the removal of colloidal material:
Two opposing forces that impact the removal of colloidal material:
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are those factors that help to keep
colloids dispersed.
are those factors that help to keep colloids dispersed.
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are those factors that contribute
to the natural removal of colloids.
are those factors that contribute to the natural removal of colloids.
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7 Most Common Coagulants
7 Most Common Coagulants
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The amount of coagulant which should be added to the water will depend on
the
The amount of coagulant which should be added to the water will depend on the
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It is a physical process of slowly mixing the coagulated water to increase the
probability of particle collision.
It is a physical process of slowly mixing the coagulated water to increase the probability of particle collision.
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It is an adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or
dissolved solid to a surface. involves its accumulation onto the surface of a
solid called the adsorbent.
It is an adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. involves its accumulation onto the surface of a solid called the adsorbent.
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is a solid substance used to remove contaminants from liquid or
gas that can harm the environment.
is a solid substance used to remove contaminants from liquid or gas that can harm the environment.
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4 adsorbents
4 adsorbents
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a process of settling that allows the flocculated or coagulated
particles to settle by gravity in a sedimentation tank.
a process of settling that allows the flocculated or coagulated particles to settle by gravity in a sedimentation tank.
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A physical process of separating suspended and colloidal particles from
water by passing the water through a filter media.
A physical process of separating suspended and colloidal particles from water by passing the water through a filter media.
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can consist of silica sand, greensand, anthracite coal,
activated carbon, and many other types of media.
can consist of silica sand, greensand, anthracite coal, activated carbon, and many other types of media.
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offers high filtration efficiency due to the smaller
pore sizes of the membranes.
offers high filtration efficiency due to the smaller pore sizes of the membranes.
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Bag or cartridge filters capable off removing giardia and
cryptosporidium
Bag or cartridge filters capable off removing giardia and cryptosporidium
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Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms larger
than 0.1 micrometers in size.
Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms larger than 0.1 micrometers in size.
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Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms larger
than 0.005 micrometers in size.
Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms larger than 0.005 micrometers in size.
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Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms and
dissolved organic contaminants larger than 0.001 micrometers in
size.
Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms and dissolved organic contaminants larger than 0.001 micrometers in size.
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Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms,
dissolved organic, and salts contaminants larger than 0.0001
micrometers in size. Water flows from side that has the highest concentration to the side with
the lowest concentration by applied pressure.
Membrane filters capable of removing pathogenic organisms, dissolved organic, and salts contaminants larger than 0.0001 micrometers in size. Water flows from side that has the highest concentration to the side with the lowest concentration by applied pressure.
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Water flows from the side that has the lowest concentration to the side
that has the highest concentration.
Water flows from the side that has the lowest concentration to the side that has the highest concentration.
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Water is clear after the filtration process but still contaminated by
microorganisms which must be killed by using disinfectant.
Water is clear after the filtration process but still contaminated by microorganisms which must be killed by using disinfectant.
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boiling water and irradiation with ultraviolet light.
boiling water and irradiation with ultraviolet light.
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adding chlorine , bromine, iodine, and ozone to
water.
adding chlorine , bromine, iodine, and ozone to water.
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2 Main Types of Disinfection
2 Main Types of Disinfection
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It kills vegetative bacterial cells, but spores, virus, and some protozoa
may survive long periods
It kills vegetative bacterial cells, but spores, virus, and some protozoa may survive long periods
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is an effective and relatively safe disinfection method, but is
relatively expensive and not widely used.
is an effective and relatively safe disinfection method, but is relatively expensive and not widely used.
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is employed primarily for microbial disinfection.
is employed primarily for microbial disinfection.
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kills microogranisms more effectively
kills microogranisms more effectively
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formed when free chlorine reacts with other
chemicals in water
formed when free chlorine reacts with other chemicals in water
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the sum of free and combined chlorine
the sum of free and combined chlorine
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is the process of removing residual chlorine from disinfected
wastewater prior to discharge into the environment.
is the process of removing residual chlorine from disinfected wastewater prior to discharge into the environment.
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is a strong oxidant, that produces hydroxyl free radicals that react with
organic and inorganic molecules in water to kill microbes.
is a strong oxidant, that produces hydroxyl free radicals that react with organic and inorganic molecules in water to kill microbes.
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To remove hardness (Ca and Mg) in water.
To remove hardness (Ca and Mg) in water.
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