CBSE Class 10 Science Physics Concepts

Class 10th CBSE Science - Physics

Physics is one of the core subjects taught in schools globally and plays a significant role in shaping the scientific knowledge foundation of students. In India's Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) curriculum, Physics is part of class 10th Science syllabus. This subject focuses on understanding various physical phenomena through experimentation and observation. Let us delve into some key concepts covered under this section of the board examination:

Measurements

The first unit on measurements introduces students to basic units like length, mass, time, temperature, electric current, luminous intensity, amount of substance, and light intensity. Students learn how to measure these quantities using appropriate instruments such as rulers, thermometers, balances, clocks, stopwatches, ammeters, voltmeters, ohmmeters, photometric devices, and radiometric devices. They also study their theoretical aspects and limitations, including sources of errors in measurement.

Motion

In the motion chapter, students explore different forms of motion—linear, circular, oscillatory, etc., and also discuss the factors affecting it like force, velocity, acceleration, pressure, and friction. They understand terms like displacement, distance, speed, and velocity with respect to rest frames and moving reference frames.

Thermal Physics

Thermal physics deals with heat energy and its transfer between systems by radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation processes. Students study thermal properties of materials and learn to calculate thermal conductivity by measuring energy flow per time across different surfaces, resistance to electric current, resistivity, resistors, capacitors, and inductance.

Physical Properties of Solids and Liquids

This unit covers fundamental properties of solid matter and liquid states, including elasticity, compressibility, adhesion, cohesion, expansion, contraction, surface tension, viscosity, density, and volumetric expanse stresses. It also includes the concept of phase changes—solidification, melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, evaporation, and vaporization.

Light

Light is another critical topic where students learn about its production and transmission, propagation, reflection, refraction, absorption, and emission. They comprehend wave theory, ray optics, electromagnetic spectrum distribution, color, chromatic aberration, dispersion, total internal reflection, Snell's law, Brewster's angle, Doppler effect, and polarization.

Electric Charges and Fields

In this unit, students explore electrical charge generation, separation, combination, conservation, and neutralization. They study static electricity, dielectric material behavior in electric fields, Coulomb's Law, electrostatics, Gauss’s Law, magnetic field lines, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Biot–Savart law, and Hall Effect.

Magnetic Effects of Current

Lastly, they study the relationship between magnetic fields and current-carrying wires. Students learn about magnetic circuits, magnetic inductor, torque, force, and work done due to magnetic effects.

Class 10th CBSE Science aims to equip students with essential foundational knowledge in physics and other branches of science. By studying these core concepts, students develop logical thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and a deeper appreciation for natural phenomena around them.