Causes of Neoplasia Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of physical environmental agent is able to initiate and continually promote carcinogenesis?

  • UV radiation
  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Proto-oncogenes
  • Ionising radiation (correct)

What is the main mutagenic effect of UV radiation?

  • Altering DNA bases
  • Double strand breaks in DNA
  • Formation of pyrimidine dimers (correct)
  • Generation of reactive oxygen species

Which type of physical environmental agent can cause cancer in hairless animals?

  • Ionising radiation
  • UV radiation (correct)
  • Proto-oncogenes
  • Reactive oxygen species

What is the role of oncogenes in neoplasm formation?

<p>Promote autonomous growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is characteristic of viruses that do not possess their own oncogenes?

<p>Insertional mechanism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is an example of the insertional mechanism of neoplasm formation?

<p>Avian leukosis virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral mechanism of neoplasm formation is not persistent compared to others?

<p>Hit and run mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral mechanism of neoplasm formation involves the suppression of the host's immune system?

<p>Indirect mechanism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus suppresses the ability of the host to eliminate transformed cells?

<p>Markes disease virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus encodes the homologues of the epidermal growth factor gene?

<p>Squirrel fibroma virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intrinsic factor of DNA damage?

<p>Reactive oxygen species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a mutagen and a carcinogen?

<p>Mutagens cause DNA damage, while carcinogens cause cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an indirect acting chemical carcinogen?

<p>Procarcinogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential outcome of exposure to ptaquiloside?

<p>Haemangiosarcoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic factor of neoplastic transformation?

<p>Mutations in critical cancer related genes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between mutagens and carcinogens?

<p>Some mutagens are also carcinogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of physical environmental agents that are complete carcinogens?

<p>Ionising radiation and UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of DNA damage caused by ionising radiation?

<p>Double strand breaks and base elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mutagenic effect of UV radiation?

<p>Formation of pyrimidine dimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oncoproteins in neoplasm formation?

<p>They promote cell growth in the absence of normal growth promotion signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dominant oncogene mechanism of viral tumour development?

<p>Some viruses contain a dominant oncogene that drives tumour development</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertional mechanism of neoplasm formation?

<p>Neoplasm caused by insertion of viral DNA that activates target cell oncogene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hit and run mechanism of viral neoplasm formation?

<p>Viral genome causes neoplasm by transient residence in target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indirect mechanism by which viruses stimulate tumourogenesis?

<p>Suppression of the host's immune system and stimulation of target cell proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of factors that can cause neoplastic transformation?

<p>Intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of intrinsic factors of DNA damage?

<p>Reactive oxygen species and organic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a mutagen and a carcinogen?

<p>A mutagen creates DNA damage and gives rise to a mutation, while a carcinogen can cause cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between direct acting and indirect acting chemical carcinogens?

<p>Direct acting chemical carcinogens are effective in the form in which they enter the body, while indirect acting chemical carcinogens require metabolic activation by enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of exposure to ptaquiloside?

<p>Haemangiosarcoma or squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oncogenes in neoplasm formation?

<p>Oncogenes are critical cancer related genes that can undergo mutations leading to neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of viruses that do not possess their own oncogenes?

<p>They utilize other mechanisms, such as insertional mechanism, to cause neoplasm formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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