Causes of Learning Disabilities
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of whole-part perception?

  • Children with poor memory and behavioral symptoms
  • Children with nutritional imbalances
  • Children with difficulty in assessing figure-ground relationships (correct)
  • Children with deficiency of perceptual abilities

    • Which factor significantly controls the functioning of the brain?

  • Perceptual modality
  • Whole-part perception
  • Biological factors (correct)
  • Overloading of perception

    • What are some examples of environmental factors that can contribute to neurological problems?

  • Deficiency of perceptual abilities
  • Trauma and substance use (correct)
  • Difficulty in assessing figure-ground relationships
  • Lack of nutrients and food allergies

    • Which category of factors includes neurological damages, complexity of pregnancy, and structural anomalies of specific brain areas?

    <p>Neurological Factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identical twins are more prone to learning disabilities compared to non-identical twins. This statement supports which category of factors?

    <p>Genetic Factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of factors alludes to problems or disturbances in the senses such as vision, hearing, touch, and kinaesthetic?

    <p>Perceptual Factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization emphasizes the significance of addressing the learning differences of children in the school?

    <p>UNESCO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From a sociological point of view, why is inclusive education justified?

    <p>To promote peace and harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of conducting inclusive education over establishing specialized centers for training?

    <p>It is less expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a method for assessing children with learning disabilities?

    <p>Standardized Testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of maintaining a behavioral checklist of symptoms?

    <p>To screen in learning disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization developed an SLD battery to screen children with learning disabilities?

    <p>NIMHANS, Bangalore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about phonemes?

    <p>They are auditory impressions of sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of automatization in reading?

    <p>To improve speed and accuracy in phonological decoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which languages are examples of alphabetical language systems?

    <p>English and Hindi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common difficulty faced by children with dyslexia?

    <p>Difficulties with spelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral symptom associated with dyslexia?

    <p>Confusion with tenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dyslexia?

    <p>Difficulties with punctuation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is advised when observing symptoms of dyslexia?

    <p>Following the three golden words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task requires the child to remove a phoneme from a word and read the rest of the word?

    <p>Deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task asks the child to invert two consonants or two vowels within a word?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of children belong to the later years section?

    <p>Children who have been screened and given intervention but the interventions have not been effective in managing dyslexia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the substitution task?

    <p>To replace an existing phoneme in a given word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of dyslexia in the Pre-Primary years?

    <p>Difficulty in establishing manual preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one manifestation of auditory confusion in dyslexic children?

    <p>Hearing 'b' as 'd'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mistake made by dyslexic children during reading or writing?

    <p>Inserting/addition of extra words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of dyslexic children in relation to time and space?

    <p>Difficulty in orientation to space and time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dimension of dysgraphia is focused on the formation of letters and unsatisfactory handwriting?

    <p>Handwriting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common symptoms of dysgraphia related to written expressions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive processes are involved in writing and can be affected in dysgraphia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of dysgraphia in children?

    <p>Inconsistent letter sizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem with handwriting in children with dysgraphia?

    <p>Loose holding of the pen/pencil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of children with learning disabilities in terms of written expression?

    <p>Lack of vocabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of dyslexia in relation to reading or writing?

    <p>Inability to maintain continuity in writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense is associated with poor eye-hand coordination and poor reading skills?

    <p>Visual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense is associated with difficulty in eating and performing coordinated motor activities?

    <p>Kinaesthesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sense is associated with overreaction to noise or lack of awareness of sounds?

    <p>Auditory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching method involves using clay and other substances to create models and learn?

    <p>Tactile Teaching Methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning style is characterized by being well-coordinated and competitive, and having poor handwriting and spelling?

    <p>Kinaesthetic Learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching method includes using films/videos, pictures, charts, and posters to aid in teaching children with learning disabilities?

    <p>Visual Teaching Methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning style is characterized by seeking a calm and quiet learning environment, being good at spelling but forgetting names, and being fascinated by colors and fashion?

    <p>Visual Learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the eight ways children learn and think, according to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

    <p>Spatial-visual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning approach is NOT typically focused on in the education system in most schools?

    <p>Bodily-kinaesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching strategy is NOT associated with the visual-spatial learning approach?

    <p>Questioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning approach is associated with activities such as singing and tapping feet and hands?

    <p>Musical-rhythmic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common problem with handwriting at different stages of life?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ability to understand what is being heard rather than what is being read?

    <p>Listening comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching method involves putting images in a row and asking the learner to identify the right image?

    <p>Find the image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most tangible of all the fundamental academic talents?

    <p>Writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for improving word recognition in children?

    <p>Books with consistent phonics patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one strategy for developing phonological awareness in children?

    <p>Counting the sounds in words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skill is often undervalued but important for language development?

    <p>Listening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended exercise for developing phonological awareness?

    <p>Removing a sound from a word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a strategy for improving spelling according to the text?

    <p>Writing the word accurately from memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having children recite a word after visualizing it according to the text?

    <p>To test their memory of the word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the mastery over a word according to the text?

    <p>Recalling the word with eyes closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can contribute to poor letter formation in children?

    <p>Descending below the lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cursive handwriting that might confuse children?

    <p>The numerous letter formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended activity for teaching handwriting?

    <p>Using a small, wet sponge on a chalkboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended technique for holding the pencil securely?

    <p>Using a large pencil or thick sketch pen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is NOT recommended for improving comprehension skills in kids?

    <p>Asking students to summarise the story in their own words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one strategy to create a writing community in the classroom?

    <p>Providing personal writing folders for each student</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to demonstrate the writing process to inspire students to write?

    <p>Demonstrating the writing process by thinking aloud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one suggestion for assessing a student's writing proficiency?

    <p>Giving two marks for 'idea' and 'technical skill'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mathematical concepts does Ayan struggle with the most?

    <p>Place value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that can contribute to Ayan's difficulty in writing and aligning numbers?

    <p>Lack of visual motor skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of mathematics does Ayan need to improve in addition to calculations?

    <p>Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for teaching multiplication?

    <p>Using known multiplication facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teaching strategy is suggested for division?

    <p>Using the missing factor approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct definition of fractions?

    <p>The numerator denotes the total number of equal parts and the denominator denotes the number of special parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for solving the equation 16 - 9 = ()?

    <p>Add 1 and 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a recommended method for teaching children the concept of empty set (zero)?

    <p>Using examples of empty containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a suggested method for teaching children to recognize numbers visually?

    <p>Using color cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a recommended method for teaching children the concept of ordering numbers?

    <p>Having children identify the number that comes in between two given numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is a suggested method for training children on word story problems?

    <p>Using word problems that are interesting and relevant to their experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to persistent and impairing problems in acquiring and using the cultural symbols required for reading, writing, and arithmetic?

    <p>Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the National Joint Committee for Learning Disabilities (NJCLD), which abilities are significantly affected by Specific Learning Disorder (SLD)?

    <p>Reading and writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between learning disabilities (LD) and learning difficulties?

    <p>LD is a result of differences in processing information, while learning difficulties are a matter of intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of learning disabilities (LD) in relation to intelligence and motivation?

    <p>LD is not related to either intelligence or motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abilities are commonly affected by learning disabilities (LD)?

    <p>Reading, mathematical, and writing abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test was used to assess Deepesh's intellectual level?

    <p>Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Deepesh's scores on the Diagnostic Test of Learning Disability (DTLD)?

    <p>77 out of 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of writing exercise did Deepesh NOT participate in?

    <p>Writing from imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task did the subject have the most difficulty with?

    <p>Writing from dictation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were some of the errors made by the subject while writing about his school?

    <p>Random capitalization of letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a possible reason for the subject's difficulties in academic performance?

    <p>Poor auditory discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Whole-Part Perception and Brain Functioning

    • Whole-part perception is an example of neurological problems contributed by environmental factors.
    • The brain's functioning is significantly controlled by factors like neurological damages, complexity of pregnancy, and structural anomalies of specific brain areas.

    Learning Disabilities and Identical Twins

    • Identical twins are more prone to learning disabilities compared to non-identical twins, supporting the category of genetic factors.

    Categories of Factors

    • Environmental factors can contribute to neurological problems.
    • Genetic factors include neurological damages, complexity of pregnancy, and structural anomalies of specific brain areas.
    • Sensory factors allude to problems or disturbances in the senses like vision, hearing, touch, and kinaesthetic.

    Inclusive Education

    • The organization that emphasizes the significance of addressing the learning differences of children in the school is not specified.
    • Inclusive education is justified from a sociological point of view because it recognizes diversity and promotes equality.
    • The main advantage of conducting inclusive education over establishing specialized centers for training is not specified.

    Assessing Children with Learning Disabilities

    • A behavioral checklist of symptoms is maintained to identify and record the symptoms of learning disabilities.
    • The organization that developed an SLD battery to screen children with learning disabilities is not specified.

    Reading and Dyslexia

    • Phonemes are units of sound in a word.
    • Automatization plays a crucial role in reading by enabling the reader to focus on comprehension.
    • Alphabetical language systems use symbols to represent sounds, examples include English, French, and Spanish.
    • Common difficulties faced by children with dyslexia include phonemic awareness, decoding, and fluency.
    • Behavioral symptoms associated with dyslexia include avoiding reading tasks, low self-esteem, and frustration.
    • Symptoms of dyslexia that are NOT common include poor eye-hand coordination and difficulty in eating.
    • When observing symptoms of dyslexia, it is advised to assess phonemic awareness, decoding, and comprehension skills.

    Dysgraphia

    • Dysgraphia is focused on the formation of letters and unsatisfactory handwriting, affecting written expressions.
    • Common symptoms of dysgraphia include poor handwriting, spelling mistakes, and difficulty with writing tasks.
    • Cognitive processes involved in writing and affected in dysgraphia include visual-spatial skills, fine motor skills, and orthographic skills.
    • Key characteristics of dysgraphia in children include difficulty with letter formation, size, and spacing.

    Learning Styles and Teaching Methods

    • The teaching method that involves using clay and other substances to create models and learn is not specified.
    • The learning style characterized by being well-coordinated and competitive, with poor handwriting and spelling, is kinesthetic.
    • The teaching method that includes using films/videos, pictures, charts, and posters to aid in teaching children with learning disabilities is visual.
    • The learning style characterized by seeking a calm and quiet learning environment, being good at spelling but forgetting names, and being fascinated by colors and fashion, is visual-spatial.

    Multiple Intelligences and Learning Approaches

    • According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, the eight ways children learn and think include linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence.
    • The learning approach that is NOT typically focused on in the education system in most schools is naturalistic intelligence.
    • The teaching strategy associated with the auditory-musical learning approach is singing and tapping feet and hands.

    Mathematics and Written Expression

    • Poor letter formation in children can be contributed by factors like neurological damages, complexity of pregnancy, and structural anomalies of specific brain areas.
    • Common mistakes made by dyslexic children during reading or writing include phonemic awareness, decoding, and fluency errors.
    • Primary characteristics of dyslexic children in relation to time and space include difficulties with sequencing, organization, and time management.
    • The dimension of dysgraphia focused on the formation of letters and unsatisfactory handwriting is motor.
    • Common symptoms of dysgraphia related to written expressions include poor handwriting, spelling mistakes, and difficulty with writing tasks.
    • Cognitive processes involved in writing and affected in dysgraphia include visual-spatial skills, fine motor skills, and orthographic skills.

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    Test your knowledge on the causes of learning disabilities. Learn about the five categories of factors that contribute to learning disabilities, including neurological factors. Challenge yourself with this informative quiz!

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