Causes of Ischemic Heart Disease
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the primary cause of ischemic heart disease?

  • Coronary emboli
  • Myocardial vessel inflammation
  • Spasm
  • Obstructive atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries (correct)

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease?

  • Myocardial infarction
  • congestive heart failure w/ sudden death
  • Angina pectoris
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the most common type of angina?

  • Variant angina
  • Stable angina (correct)
  • Unstable angina
  • Prinzmetal angina

What is the main factor contributing to acute plaque change in ischemic heart disease?

<p>Adrenergic stimulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the myocardium is most susceptible to irreversible changes during prolonged ischemia?

<p>Subendocardial zone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross appearance of a myocardial infarct within the first 12 hours?

<p>no changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the microscopic features of a myocardial infarct in early 4 hours?

<p>Early coagulation necrosis, edema, hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of ischemia on myocardial contractility?

<p>Decrease in contractility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of angina is characterized by intermittent chest pain caused by transient, reversible myocardial ischemia?

<p>Stable angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of ischemic heart disease?

<p>Coronary artery occlusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the microscopic features of a myocardial infarct within the first 12 hours?

<p>Coagulation necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the myocardium is most susceptible to irreversible changes during prolonged ischemia?

<p>Endocardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to acute plaque change in ischemic heart disease?

<p>Adrenergic stimulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of ischemia on myocardial contractility?

<p>Loss of contractility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation of unstable angina?

<p>Increasingly frequent pain occurring at rest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of angina is characterized by coronary artery spasm and can affect normal vessels?

<p>Prinzmetal/variant angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross appearance of a myocardial infarct within 12-24 hours?

<p>Dark mottling (red-blue discoloration) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of angina is characterized by intermittent chest pain caused by transient, reversible myocardial ischemia?

<p>Stable angina (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of pain in angina?

<p>Release of adenosine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of angina is characterized by increasingly frequent pain that occurs at rest?

<p>Unstable angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of angina is caused by coronary artery spasm and can affect normal vessels?

<p>Prinzmetal/variant angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor contributing to acute plaque change in ischemic heart disease?

<p>Adrenergic stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microscopic feature of myocardial infarct in the early 4 hours?

<p>Coagulation necrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of 70% coronary artery occlusion?

<p>Stable angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the microscopic features of a myocardial infarct within the first 12-24 hours?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of ischemic heart disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of angina is characterized by coronary artery spasm and can affect normal vessels?

<p>Variant (Prinzmetal) angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific marker for myocardial infarction?

<p>B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microscopic feature of a myocardial infarct within 7-14 days?

<p>Granulation tissue at margins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of myocardial infarction?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for arrhythmias after myocardial infarction?

<p>Reperfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a gross feature of a myocardial infarct within 3-7 days?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a gross feature of a myocardial infarct within 24-72 hours?

<p>mottling with yellow-tan infarct center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microscopic feature of a myocardial infarct within 2-8 weeks?

<p>Increased collagen deposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a gross feature of a myocardial infarct after 2 months?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microscopic feature of a myocardial infarct within 24-72 hours?

<p>Loss of myocyte nuclei (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for arrhythmias after myocardial infarction?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a gross feature of a myocardial infarct within 7-14 days?

<p>Maximally yellow-tan and soft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microscopic feature of a myocardial infarct within 2-8 weeks?

<p>Gray-white scar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical presentation of myocardial infarction?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a microscopic feature of a myocardial infarct within 7-14 days?

<p>Red-gray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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