DNA mutations
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a potential source of endogenous DNA damage?

  • Organic compounds
  • Superoxide (O2-) (correct)
  • UV radiation
  • Inorganic compounds

    • What type of damage can UV-C radiation cause to DNA?

  • Relatively harmless to DNA
  • The most severe DNA damage (correct)
  • Does not impact DNA replication
  • Primarily absorbed by the DNA

    • Which type of radiation contains high energy and impacts DNA more?

  • UV-C (correct)
  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
  • UV-A
  • UV-B

    • What is the consequence of reactive oxygen species on DNA replication?

    <p>Causes DNA base damage at multiple sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hydrolytic depurination on DNA?

    <p>Leaves the base on its own and sugar phosphate backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential source of exogenous DNA damage?

    <p>X-rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can ammonia removal from bases in DNA result in?

    <p>Modified/different base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA damage is caused by alkylating agents?

    <p>changes structure of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in a change of a single base pair?

    <p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA ligase in DNA repair?

    <p>Filling gaps in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme reverses methylation of guanine bases?

    <p>Methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation?

    <p>Premature stop in translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of alkylating agents on DNA?

    <p>Transferring alkyl groups to nitrogen and oxygen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of excision nuclease in nucleotide excision repair?

    <p>Removing the entire portion of damaged strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does base excision repair recognize altered bases in DNA?

    <p>Identifying modified bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkylating agents transfer alkyl groups such as methyl and ethyl onto nitrogen and oxygen atoms in DNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Crosslinking of DNA strands by cisplatin inhibits transcription, translation, and can kill a cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    DNA glycosylases scan DNA for altered bases and hydrolyze the sugar-base bond of damaged nucleotides.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methyl guanine methyl transferase (MGMT) reverses methylation of guanine bases in DNA.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Photolyase is an example of an enzyme that can directly reverse some DNA damages, such as pyrimidine dimers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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