Causes of Dementia and Related Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What are some examples of metabolic and toxic disorders that can lead to dementia?

  • Chronic subdural hematomas, syphilis
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Wilson disease (correct)
  • HIV encephalitis, herpes simplex encephalitis
  • Binswanger disease, CADASIL
  • Which of the following is NOT a cause of dementia according to the provided text?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Axonal shearing
  • CADASIL (correct)
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  • In the bedside classification of dementias, which category includes diseases associated with AIDS-HIV infection?

  • Chronic meningoencephalitis
  • Chronic drug intoxications
  • Endocrine disorders (correct)
  • Nutritional deficiency states
  • Which type of dementia is characterized by dementia associated with other medical diseases?

    <p>Binswanger disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some examples of environmental factors that can lead to dementia as per the text?

    <p>Pellagra, CO poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of dementia classification, which of the following is classified as a prion disease?

    <p>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is associated with spastic weakness, pseudobulbar palsy, and blindness?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

    <p>Generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with myoclonus and dementia?

    <p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological sign is often seen in Lewy-body disease?

    <p>Parkinsonian features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by falls and vertical gaze palsy?

    <p>Progressive supranuclear palsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease involves apraxia-rigidity as a prominent feature?

    <p>Cerebrobasal ganglionic degenerations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of an individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment often referred to as?

    <p>Global cognitive ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is more important in determining intelligence?

    <p>Genetic endowment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of intelligence suggests that it consists of entirely separable primary mental abilities?

    <p>Thurstone's multifactorial theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which developmental stage of intelligence is associated with formal operations and abstract thought?

    <p>Formal operations stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain would be particularly affected in lesions that disrupt planning and 'executive' functions?

    <p>Frontal lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes dementia as compared to encephalopathy?

    <p>Chronic deterioration of cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mild cognitive impairment' refers to memory complaints that are:

    <p>&quot;Mild&quot; but disproportionately severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Forgetfulness not in the setting of cognitive decline' can be caused by all EXCEPT:

    <p>&quot;Normal aging process&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Alcoholic dementia' is classified under which category of dementing diseases?

    <p>&quot;Cerebral atrophy&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Potential for early institution of treatment' is associated with identifying patients in a presymptomatic period of:

    <p>&quot;Alzheimer's disease&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive function is primarily affected in the early stages of dementia according to the text?

    <p>Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavioral change associated with dementia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Emotional instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is fundamental to memory according to the text?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common early symptom of dementia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Repeatedly asking the same question</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain is specifically associated with language function according to the text?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common impairment is associated with dementia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inability to give a coherent account of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely to cause amnesic syndrome of sudden onset with gradual but incomplete recovery?

    <p>Bilateral or left (dominant) hippocampal infarction due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can lead to amnesia of sudden onset and short duration?

    <p>Transient global amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of amnesic syndrome of subacute onset with varying degrees of recovery, often leaving permanent residua?

    <p>Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is likely to result in slowly progressive amnesic states?

    <p>Alzheimer disease (early stage) with temporal lobe involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is a probable cause of amnesic syndrome following delirium tremens?

    <p>Following prolonged status epilepticus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential cause of amnesia due to trauma to inferomedial temporal regions?

    <p>Cardiac arrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, and hypoxic states causing hippocampal damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

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