Causes of Dementia and Related Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What are some examples of metabolic and toxic disorders that can lead to dementia?

  • Chronic subdural hematomas, syphilis
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Wilson disease (correct)
  • HIV encephalitis, herpes simplex encephalitis
  • Binswanger disease, CADASIL

Which of the following is NOT a cause of dementia according to the provided text?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Axonal shearing
  • CADASIL (correct)
  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

In the bedside classification of dementias, which category includes diseases associated with AIDS-HIV infection?

  • Chronic meningoencephalitis
  • Chronic drug intoxications
  • Endocrine disorders (correct)
  • Nutritional deficiency states

Which type of dementia is characterized by dementia associated with other medical diseases?

<p>Binswanger disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of environmental factors that can lead to dementia as per the text?

<p>Pellagra, CO poisoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of dementia classification, which of the following is classified as a prion disease?

<p>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is associated with spastic weakness, pseudobulbar palsy, and blindness?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

<p>Generalized seizures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT typically associated with myoclonus and dementia?

<p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neurological sign is often seen in Lewy-body disease?

<p>Parkinsonian features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by falls and vertical gaze palsy?

<p>Progressive supranuclear palsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease involves apraxia-rigidity as a prominent feature?

<p>Cerebrobasal ganglionic degenerations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of an individual to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment often referred to as?

<p>Global cognitive ability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is more important in determining intelligence?

<p>Genetic endowment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of intelligence suggests that it consists of entirely separable primary mental abilities?

<p>Thurstone's multifactorial theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage of intelligence is associated with formal operations and abstract thought?

<p>Formal operations stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain would be particularly affected in lesions that disrupt planning and 'executive' functions?

<p>Frontal lobes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes dementia as compared to encephalopathy?

<p>Chronic deterioration of cognitive function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Mild cognitive impairment' refers to memory complaints that are:

<p>&quot;Mild&quot; but disproportionately severe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Forgetfulness not in the setting of cognitive decline' can be caused by all EXCEPT:

<p>&quot;Normal aging process&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Alcoholic dementia' is classified under which category of dementing diseases?

<p>&quot;Cerebral atrophy&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Potential for early institution of treatment' is associated with identifying patients in a presymptomatic period of:

<p>&quot;Alzheimer's disease&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive function is primarily affected in the early stages of dementia according to the text?

<p>Memory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavioral change associated with dementia mentioned in the text?

<p>Emotional instability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is fundamental to memory according to the text?

<p>Temporal lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early symptom of dementia mentioned in the text?

<p>Repeatedly asking the same question (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain is specifically associated with language function according to the text?

<p>Temporal lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common impairment is associated with dementia mentioned in the text?

<p>Inability to give a coherent account of symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is most likely to cause amnesic syndrome of sudden onset with gradual but incomplete recovery?

<p>Bilateral or left (dominant) hippocampal infarction due to occlusion of the posterior cerebral arteries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to amnesia of sudden onset and short duration?

<p>Transient global amnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of amnesic syndrome of subacute onset with varying degrees of recovery, often leaving permanent residua?

<p>Alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is likely to result in slowly progressive amnesic states?

<p>Alzheimer disease (early stage) with temporal lobe involvement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is a probable cause of amnesic syndrome following delirium tremens?

<p>Following prolonged status epilepticus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of amnesia due to trauma to inferomedial temporal regions?

<p>Cardiac arrest, carbon monoxide poisoning, and hypoxic states causing hippocampal damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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