36 Questions
Which disease is probably the most common cause of mouth ulcers?
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
What is the typical mechanism of trauma-related oral ulceration?
Physical impact
Which type of disease can oral ulceration be a feature of?
Vasculitic or granulomatous disease
What is the most typically associated malignancy with oral ulceration?
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
Which lifestyle factor is mentioned as influencing oral disease?
Smoking
Which type of disease reflects anemia or neutropenia in relation to oral ulceration?
Haematological/gastroenterological disease
Which type of ulceration is typically short-term with well-defined features and is caused by viral infections?
Infectious ulceration
What are the reasons for changing patterns of infectious disease in relation to oral ulceration?
Improved public health measures and vaccinations
What is the suggested association with H. pylori in relation to RAS?
Indirect effect
What is the observed allergy in some RAS patients that leads to lessening of ulceration following exclusion?
Allergy to cow’s milk
What is the mainstay of therapy for RAS according to the text?
Topical corticosteroids
What does the text suggest about the use of systemic corticosteroids for RAS?
Not practical long term therapy
What did the early studies observe about RAS in US students?
RAS in 'stressed' US students
What is the common feature of Behçet’s disease presentation according to the text?
Recurrent oral and genital ulcers
What does severe HIV disease occasionally cause in relation to RAS?
Superficial ulceration
What is the suggested association between inflammatory bowel disease and RAS?
Superficial ulceration related to haematinic deficiency
What is the initial suggestion regarding the use of Levamisole for RAS?
'No benefit'
What is the most common cause of mouth ulcers?
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
What percentage of individuals is suggested to be affected by recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
1.03%
At what age does the frequency of recurrent aphthous stomatitis possibly decrease?
After 40 years
Which subtype of recurrent aphthous ulcer is extremely painful and interferes with speaking and eating?
Herpetiform RAU
What genetic predisposition is associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Both parents having genetic predisposition
Which of the following is NOT listed as an associated factor with recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Bacterial infections
What type of T cells dominate in the pre-ulcerative stage of recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
CD8+ T cells
Which proinflammatory cytokines may be generated by antigenic stimulation of keratinocytes in recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
$\text{IFN-γ}$ and $\text{TNF-α}$
What pattern of response may be at play in recurrent aphthous stomatitis, associated with a deranged TLR gene expression?
Th1 response
What is not associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis?
Antibody-mediated process
What is the suggested pathergy test used for?
Diagnosing Behcet's disease
What is the major difference between RAU of Behcet's disease and common RAU?
Greater involvement of soft palate and oropharynx
What is the triad of symptoms associated with Reiter's Syndrome?
Urethritis, arthritis, and conjunctivitis
What is the main implication for dental professionals when suspecting Behcet's disease in a patient?
Refer the patient to dermatologic & ophthalmologic specialists
What is the aim of the lecture on recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and related diseases?
To detail the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of RAS
What does the Cochrane systematic review of 2012 conclude regarding the long-term benefit of local or systemic agents for RAS?
No substantial evidence of long term benefit
What are the adverse side effects of using systemic azathioprine for severe RAS disease?
Well-known side effects with available monitoring guidelines
'Mucocutaneous-occular syndromes' involve which parts of the body?
Skin, oral mucosa, and eyes
'Herptiform RAS' is typically treated with which of the following?
Local anesthetic and tetracycline mouth bath
Test your knowledge on the potential causes of cellular damage, including oxidative stress, viral infections, food allergies, and sensitivity to certain substances. Explore the factors that may contribute to the onset or exacerbation of cellular damage.
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