Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a major focus of epidemiology?
What is a major focus of epidemiology?
- Studying the history of medicine
- Exploring philosophical concepts
- Informing efforts to prevent and control disease (correct)
- Analyzing social media trends
Why is understanding the causes of disease or injury important?
Why is understanding the causes of disease or injury important?
- For marketing health products
- For increasing insurance premiums
- For prevention, diagnosis, and treatment (correct)
- For academic research purposes
What does a cause express in terms of disease or outcome?
What does a cause express in terms of disease or outcome?
- A secondary aspect with no real impact
- Something that contributes to a causal mechanism (correct)
- A temporary factor without any consequence
- A random occurrence with no specific effect
What is meant by complementary components of a causal factor?
What is meant by complementary components of a causal factor?
When does a cause express itself in relation to a causal mechanism?
When does a cause express itself in relation to a causal mechanism?
What does it mean when factors work together in a given causal mechanism?
What does it mean when factors work together in a given causal mechanism?
Which criterion refers to the necessity that the cause must precede the disease in time?
Which criterion refers to the necessity that the cause must precede the disease in time?
What does the strength of association measure?
What does the strength of association measure?
Which criterion refers to changes in exposure being related to a trend in relative risk?
Which criterion refers to changes in exposure being related to a trend in relative risk?
What does coherence imply in the context of causal relationships?
What does coherence imply in the context of causal relationships?
What does specificity of association mean?
What does specificity of association mean?
Which criterion refers to evidence from laboratory experiments on animals or from human experiments?
Which criterion refers to evidence from laboratory experiments on animals or from human experiments?
What does biological plausibility refer to?
What does biological plausibility refer to?
What is necessary for establishing temporality in time?
What is necessary for establishing temporality in time?
What does consistency refer to in the context of causal relationships?
What does consistency refer to in the context of causal relationships?
What is coherence's implication for causal relationships?
What is coherence's implication for causal relationships?
What type of relationship does biological gradient (dose-response relationship) refer to?
What type of relationship does biological gradient (dose-response relationship) refer to?
What is a direct cause in epidemiology?
What is a direct cause in epidemiology?
What is a necessary cause in epidemiology?
What is a necessary cause in epidemiology?
What is a sufficient cause in epidemiology?
What is a sufficient cause in epidemiology?
Which term refers to a set of factors that makes disease inevitable in an individual?
Which term refers to a set of factors that makes disease inevitable in an individual?
What is causal inference?
What is causal inference?
What does an observed association between two factors NOT imply?
What does an observed association between two factors NOT imply?
What is a confounder in epidemiology?
What is a confounder in epidemiology?
What does a necessary cause mean in epidemiology?
What does a necessary cause mean in epidemiology?
What do sufficient causes refer to in epidemiology?
What do sufficient causes refer to in epidemiology?
What does an association in epidemiology refer to?
What does an association in epidemiology refer to?
What are necessary causes often described as?
What are necessary causes often described as?
What is the term used to describe factors that are associated with the risk of development of a disease, but are not sufficient to cause the disease?
What is the term used to describe factors that are associated with the risk of development of a disease, but are not sufficient to cause the disease?
Which factor refers to repeated exposure, environmental conditions, and hard work that may aggravate an established disease or injury?
Which factor refers to repeated exposure, environmental conditions, and hard work that may aggravate an established disease or injury?
According to Koch's postulates, what must be present in every case of the disease caused by a specific living organism?
According to Koch's postulates, what must be present in every case of the disease caused by a specific living organism?
What is the term used to describe the effect of two or more causes acting together, often resulting in a greater effect than expected?
What is the term used to describe the effect of two or more causes acting together, often resulting in a greater effect than expected?
Which factor may be necessary but is rarely sufficient to cause a particular disease or state?
Which factor may be necessary but is rarely sufficient to cause a particular disease or state?
What type of factors such as low income, poor nutrition, bad housing, and inadequate medical care may favour the development of disease?
What type of factors such as low income, poor nutrition, bad housing, and inadequate medical care may favour the development of disease?
What term is used to describe factors that are positively associated with the risk of development of a disease but are not sufficient to cause the disease?
What term is used to describe factors that are positively associated with the risk of development of a disease but are not sufficient to cause the disease?
What concept describes the interconnectedness of possible causes, illustrating the complexity of origin?
What concept describes the interconnectedness of possible causes, illustrating the complexity of origin?
What does Pasteur's work on microorganisms lead to the formulation of by Henle and then by Koch?
What does Pasteur's work on microorganisms lead to the formulation of by Henle and then by Koch?
What type of causative agent makes Koch's postulates most valuable?
What type of causative agent makes Koch's postulates most valuable?
What may disappear when a disease has developed, making it impossible to demonstrate in the sick person?
What may disappear when a disease has developed, making it impossible to demonstrate in the sick person?
