18 Questions
What is the most common cause of Acute Tubular Injury (ATI)?
Ischemia: shock, dehydration, malignant hypertension
Which part of the nephron is most affected in ischemic ATI?
Proximal tubule straight segments (PST) and thick ascending loop of Henle (HL)
Which of the following is a characteristic of the recovery phase of ATI?
Rising urine volumes (up to 3 L/day) with water, sodium, and especially potassium losses (hypokalemia)
Which of the following is a poor prognostic factor for ATI?
ATI secondary to overwhelming sepsis or other causes of Multi-organ failure
Which of the following is a characteristic of nephrotoxic ATI?
Variable degrees of tubular injury and necrosis, mostly in proximal tubules
How does hypertension affect the renal vasculature?
Hypertension affects renal vessels, and any renal vascular changes tend to amplify the hypertension
What is the main cause of malignant nephrosclerosis?
Endothelial injury, platelet deposition, and increased vascular permeability
What is the main feature of benign nephrosclerosis?
Rarely causes renal failure
What is the main structural change seen in nephrosclerosis?
Medial and intimal thickening of small renal arteries and arterioles
What is the most common cause of malignant hypertension?
Accelerated hypertension
What is the main feature of thrombotic microangiopathies?
Fibrinoid necrosis and intravascular thrombosis
What is the main cause of nephrosclerosis?
Medial and intimal thickening of small renal arteries and arterioles, strongly associated with hypertension
What is the most common cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients?
Drug-induced interstitial nephritis
Which disorder is characterized by renal calcium deposition and can lead to renal failure through tubular obstruction?
Nephrocalcinosis
What percentage of multiple myeloma patients have Bence Jones proteinuria?
70%
Which of the following conditions has eosinophils and edema present in the interstitium?
Ischemic ATI
In Light Chain Cast Nephropathy, what toxic effect contributes to renal insufficiency?
Bence Jones proteinuria
Which condition is characterized by a T cell–mediated immune reaction to a drug causing interstitial inflammation in the kidney?
Drug-induced interstitial nephritis
Learn about the causes and prognosis of acute tubular injury, including inflammation of tubules, ischemia, and direct toxic injury. Understand the factors affecting the survival rates in cases of nephrotoxic acute tubular injury. Explore the sensitivity of proximal tubular epithelial cells to hypoxemia.
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