Cattle Chute and Ruminant Anatomy Quiz

Cattle Chute and Ruminant Anatomy

• A cattle chute with a completely open side is advantageous when an animal collapses.
• Rumenal contractions are best auscultated on the left side of the bovine.
• The point of the hip bilaterally forms hooks.
• Bovine erythrocytes often have anisocytosis (this is normal).
• Intramuscular (IM) injections are preferred in cattle due to lower scarring.
• The path of feed through the ruminant stomach is rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum.
• Cows should not be in a holding pen for longer than 2 hours before milking.
• Proper blood drainage in the packinghouse is important for meat coloration.
• The reticulum is responsible for regurgitating food during rumination.
• The dental formula for cattle is 2(10/3 C0/1 PM3/3 M3/3) = 32.
• The deciduous (baby teeth) formula for cattle is 2 (10/3, CO/1, PM3/3) = 20.
• The quick release knot is the most common livestock restraint knot.
• The most common leukocyte in bovine blood is lymphocytes.
• Ruminant forestomach gas expulsion is called eructation.
• Normal bovine vital signs: temperature 100.4°F to 103.1°F, heart rate 40-80 bpm, respiratory rate 10-30 bpm, mucous membranes should be pink and moist, and CRT (capillary refill time) should be 1-2 seconds.
• The omasum is a stomach compartment with a layered structure (like leaves).
• Males have a sigmoid flexure in the urethra, making urinary catheter placement more challenging.

Ruminant Physiology and Diseases

• Fibrinogen is important for inflammation in ruminants.
• Tail tie placement is distal to the last coccygeal vertebra.
• Ruminants kept in lateral recumbency for over 30 minutes need food and water withheld to prevent regurgitation risks.
• Microbial digestion happens mainly in the rumen and abomasum, with hydrochloric acid digestion taking place in the abomasum.
• Ruminants can't create water-soluble vitamins.
• Preventing mad cow's disease is important, so cattle should not eat mammalian proteins.
• Alfalfa is a roughage that can cause bloat in ruminants when eaten.
• Subclinical mastitis in heifers typically has no outward symptoms.
• Proper placement of orogastric tubes can be determined by stethoscope use.
• Cystocentesis can be performed on calves to collect urine.
• The Nuchal ligament borders the lateral cervical triangle.
• The California mastitis test detects infected udder quarters or halves.
• Oral medication administration should tilt the head slightly upward for easy swallowing.
• Rumenocentesis is done in the area of greatest tympany for sampling.
• Large milk veins are not good for venipuncture.
• Euthanized cattle can be sent for rendering.
• Cattle have personal space(flight zone).
• Cattle are placed in right lateral recumbency when casting.

Ruminant Anatomy and Procedures

• Esophageal groove aids milk passage in calves to bypass rumen in early stages.
• Bovine plasma is commonly yellow due to carotene.