Catholicism Flashcards - Study Notes

A religious group that separates from the larger religious denomination.

A religious organization that has slightly different beliefs from other groups that share the same religion.

Principles, beliefs, and teachings of a religion.

<p>Any word or deed that defames that which is considered sacred by a group of people. In Christianity, it is any thought, word, or act that expresses hatred for God, Christ, the Church, saints, or other holy things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meaning &quot;one who has been sent&quot; originally it referred to the Twelve whom Jesus chose to help him in his early ministry. The successors of the 12 Apostles are the bishops of the Catholic Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gathering of all bishops of the world in their exercise of authority over the universal Church. A council is usually called by the pope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any of the bishops of the ancient or Eastern Orthodox Church of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem or the ancient and Western Church of Rome with authority over other bishops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A series of military expeditions by Western Christians in the 11th-13th centuries designed to take the Holy Land back from the Muslims. It took almost 200 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term used to express how reality (substance) of bread and wine changes into the reality of Jesus' risen and glorified body and blood in the Eucharist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prophetic or symbolic revelation of the end of the world. These were written in a number of Jewish and Christian texts from around the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meaning &quot;enfleshed,&quot; for Christians it is the taking on of human form by God's Son.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The condition of sinfulness that all humans share, resulting from Adam and Eve's first sin of disobedience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Religious images or paintings that are traditional among many Eastern Christians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Christians were being persecuted and being one was not accepted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Council of Nicea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He moved the Roman Empire's capital to Byzantine (later named Constantinople).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Roman Empire collapses in the 5th century due to the invasion of Germanic tribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muslims begin conquering the Byzantine Empire, affecting Christian freedom and religious practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Western Church (Rome) added &quot;and the Son&quot; to the Nicene Creed without consulting the Eastern Church, leading to mutual excommunication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Crusades were fought over the Holy Land, lasting approximately 200 years. They were not successful in restoring Jerusalem to Christian control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>St. Francis of Assisi was a humble man who lived from 1182-1226 and sought change. He encouraged embracing poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther was a priest who was critical of Church practices. He wrote his 95 Theses challenging Church authorities and the establishment of his own religious movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestants who abolished most worships and called for simpler worship forms. They also believed in no infant baptism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He had conflicts with the Catholic Church, leading him to declare himself head of the Church. He had six wives and two daughters (Mary and Elizabeth) and one son (Edward).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Council of Trent (1545-1563) reaffirmed papal supremacy and transubstantiation. It stated that Mass is a true sacrifice and salvation is marked by faith and good works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rationalists believe in the power of human reason for knowledge and deny a need for God. Imperialists believe that through our own experiences, we gain knowledge of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The World Council in Geneva (founded in 1948) is a group of 300 members that works for the cause of ecumenism (promoting Christian unity) to bring together the different denominations. The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) made major improvements in recognizing the validity of various religions, and changed some practices in the Mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spreading the messages of God in very public ways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Telling messages/stories of God using energy and excitement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of fundamentalism and evangelicalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catholics recognize the 2nd Temple Period books (+7), with a total of 46 Old Testament books. They believe in papal authority, while Protestants do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Four criteria were used to determine which books were included in the New Testament: connection to an apostle, ancient origin, widespread recognition, and divine inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apologists are writers who write about defending their faith. Apologetics refers to their writings in defense of their faith.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Justin Martyr was the best known apologist of the 2nd century. He converted to Christianity and was martyred around AD 165.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Apostle's Creed, formulated around AD 150, is based on the teachings of the Apostles. It emphasizes the Trinity, the divinity and humanity of Jesus Christ, and his sinless nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jews are bound by a covenant with God established by Moses, which stated that God will send a Messiah. Christians believe the coming of Jesus is the fulfillment of God's promise to the Jews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Christmas cycle is the second holiest day of the year, beginning with the first Sunday of Advent (4 Sundays before Christmas). Some Orthodox Christians celebrate Christmas the day after Epiphany (January 7th).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Easter is the greatest feast, celebrated after the 40 days of Lent, and it is related to the Jewish Passover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The seven sacraments are: Baptism, First Communion, Reconciliation, Eucharist, Matrimony, Anointing of the Sick, and Holy Orders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bethlehem (where Jesus was born), Nazareth (where Jesus grew up), Galilee (where Jesus taught and preached), and Jerusalem (where Jesus suffered, died, and resurrected).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Moses receives the 10 Commandments on Mount Sinai; 2. Jesus delivers the Sermon on the Mount; 3. Jesus transfigures on Mount of Transfiguration; 4. Jesus prays on the Mount of Olives during Holy Week.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tabernacle houses and stores the Eucharist, keeping it ready for adoration and later use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Messiah is the Hebrew word meaning &quot;anointed one.&quot; Christians believe Jesus Christ is the Messiah, sent by God to save His people and establish His kingdom on earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first five books of the Bible are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first five books of the Bible are called the Pentateuch and the Torah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The items used at Mass include the alb, altar, chalice, chasuble, ciborium, corporal, cruets, lectern, lectionary, pall, paten, peplum, presider's chair, sacramentary, sacristy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Tree of Reformation is a visual representation of the different denominations that arose from the Protestant Reformation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The seven books that Catholics recognize but not Protestants are 1 and 2 Maccabees, Tobit, Judith, Sirach, Wisdom, and Baruch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Baby Jesus was being hunted by Roman soldiers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Roman soldiers were sent by King Herod, a cruel and power-hungry ruler who feared the birth of a new king.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herod ordered the death of all male infants two years and younger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Magi, wise men from the East, were the first to inform Herod about the birth of a new king.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herod was diagnosed with multiple health issues, including a variety of illnesses that plagued him throughout his reign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herod ruled Jerusalem for 30 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The soldiers themselves would have been killed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herod ordered the death of his wife, his two sons, and his mother-in-law because of fear of betrayal and threats to his power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herod changed many of the updates in the temple to honor himself instead of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herod proclaimed himself &quot;King of the Jews.&quot; However, despite his attempts to secure religious authority, he was never welcomed into any Jewish temple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five key signs include a star rising in the East, a child being born in Bethlehem, the child being a descendant of David, important people visiting from all over, and the child's mother being a virgin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The people of Jerusalem only believed in one God, while the rest of the Roman Empire believed in many.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bethlehem is about six miles from Jerusalem, allowing Herod to remain in his palace while ordering the massacre of the infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caesar's finest moment is in January, 49 BC, when he defeats a group of Germanic tribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caesar's greatest rival was General Pompey, a powerful figure in Roman politics who posed a significant threat to Caesar's ambitions for power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caesar had an affair with Cleopatra of Egypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caesar has one hour to live on March 15th, 44 BC, at 11 am.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attack on Caesar was led by three of his most trusted men: Brutus, Lucious, and Publius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The death of Caesar is marked by the Ides of March, which refers to the middle of the month.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Philippi took place in 42 BC, two years after Caesar's assassination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octavian, Caesar's nephew, was getting ready to fight Brutus, the man believed to have delivered the fatal blow to Caesar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleopatra was trying to maintain control of Egypt, and in her quest for power, she killed her brother, Ptolemy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiberius, the son of Octavian, learned to lead with an iron fist, mirroring his father's style of rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octavian fights Marc Antony, and the battle begins in 31 BC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One of Marc Antony's top generals defects and joins Octavian's side, providing vital information about Antony's battle plans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marc Antony and Cleopatra are believed to have died by poison shortly after Antony's defeat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octavian's first order of business was to order the death of Cesarian, who was viewed as a threat to his claim to the throne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Octavian changed his name to Caesar Augustus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On March 22nd, 7 AD, Jesus refers to himself as the Son of God for the first time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When Jesus was 12, he traveled to Jerusalem for Passover with Mary and Joseph. He, however, remained in Jerusalem and was found preaching to the high priests about God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jesus grew up in Nazareth, which is about 20 miles away from the Mediterranean Sea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John the Baptist was baptizing people in the Jordan River.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Pharisees and Sadducees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herodias and Antipas, who were angered by John's condemnation, imprisoned him for three years. Herodias' daughter, Salomee, convinced her mother that she should ask for John's head as a reward for her dance performance at a party.</p> Signup and view all the answers