Catecholamines: Metabolic Functions
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme converts norepinephrine to normetanephrine?

  • Monoamine oxidase
  • Catechol-O-methyltransferase (correct)
  • Dopamine beta-hydroxylase
  • Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
  • What is the primary way catecholamines increase blood glucose levels?

  • Stimulating lipolysis
  • Stimulating gluconeogenesis (correct)
  • Increasing insulin secretion
  • Decreasing glucagon secretion
  • Which of the following is NOT a function of catecholamines?

  • Increase heat production
  • Provide fatty acids through lipolysis
  • Reduce hypersensitivity reactions
  • Stimulate insulin secretion (correct)
  • How are the metabolic products VMA and Homovanillic Acid excreted?

    <p>Mainly by the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of catecholamines in regulating heart activity?

    <p>Increasing cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do catecholamines have a short plasma half-life?

    <p>Because they are not associated with carrier proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Functions of Catecholamines

    • Catecholamines, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine, contribute to the metabolic response to trauma.
    • They provide fatty acids as an energy source by stimulating lipolysis.
    • They increase glucose production, a vital energy source for the brain, by: • Stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. • Inhibiting insulin secretion. • Stimulating glucagon secretion.
    • They regulate blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction.
    • They affect heart activity, increasing cardiac output.
    • They reduce hypersensitivity reactions.
    • They increase heat production.

    Transport of Catecholamines

    • Catecholamines are hydrophilic, so they are not bound to carrier proteins in plasma.
    • As a result, they have a short plasma half-life of 10-30 seconds.

    Metabolism of Catecholamines

    • The liver metabolizes catecholamines through complex pathways.
    • Norepinephrine and epinephrine are converted into normetanephrine and metanephrine, respectively, ultimately forming Vanillyl Mandelic Acid (VMA).
    • Dopamine is converted into Homovanillic Acid.
    • VMA and Homovanillic Acid are conjugated with glucuronate or sulfate in the liver.
    • These conjugated metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine and, to a lesser extent, in the feces.

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    Description

    Learn about the roles of catecholamines, specifically norepinephrine and epinephrine, in metabolism. This quiz covers their functions in responding to trauma, energy production, and glucose regulation.

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