Questions and Answers
What is the Oxford grading system in cataract classification?
What does BCN 10 refer to?
A grading system for nuclear cataracts on a scale of opacity N0 to N10.
What was the first cataract grading system that could individually grade different types of cataracts?
World Health Organization (WHO) grading of cataracts.
How is a Transparent or 1+ WHO graded nuclear cataract defined?
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What is the grading of a nuclear cataract that is at the same opacity as the anterior and posterior portions?
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What does a grading of 3+ indicate in nuclear cataract classification?
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What grading does a cataract receive when it is completely opaque?
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A WHO cortical cataract grading of 3+ involves ____ of the lens area.
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What is the vertical height of a WHO posterior subcapsular cataract graded 1+?
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What is the vertical height of a WHO posterior subcapsular cataract graded 2+?
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What is the height of a posterior subcapsular cataract graded 3+?
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Both cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts graded with WHO guidelines are observed by _____.
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What is the Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS) III known for?
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In the LOCS III grading of cataracts, nuclear cataracts are graded on their:
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What scale is used for grading nuclear cataracts in LOCS III?
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What scale is used for grading cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts in LOCS III?
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What grade is assigned to a cataract categorized as transparent or pale grey?
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What does Grade 2 (slightly hard) in cataract hardness indicate?
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What is the definition of Grade 3 (moderately hard) in cataract hardness classification?
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What does Grade 4 (hard) indicate about a cataract's hardness?
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What is the appearance of a Grade 5 (very hard) cataract?
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Prior to small incision cataract surgery, recovery required _____ time.
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A patient must have a BCVA of ____ or worse in the better eye to consider cataract surgery.
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What are the indications for cataract surgery?
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What are the three goals of cataract surgery?
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Reduced visual function affects quality of life more than which of the following conditions?
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What medication is mentioned in relation to cataract treatment?
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Study Notes
Cataract Grading Systems
- Oxford System: An earlier detailed cataract grading system deemed not clinically practical.
- BCN 10 System: Grades nuclear cataracts on a scale from N0 to N10, based on opacity and hardness, using reference photographs.
- WHO Grading System: The first to grade cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular cataracts individually; mainly used in epidemiologic research rather than clinical settings.
WHO Grading Criteria for Nuclear Cataracts
- Transparent or 1+: Clearer opacity than anterior and posterior portions.
- 2+: Same opacity level as anterior and posterior portions.
- 3+: Denser opacity than anterior and posterior portions.
- 4+: Completely opaque nuclear cataract.
WHO Grading Criteria for Cortical and Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts
- Cortical Cataract (3+): Covers half of the lens area.
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (1+): Vertical height of 1-2 mm.
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (2+): Vertical height of 2-3 mm.
- Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (3+): Height greater than 3 mm.
- Retroillumination: Technique used for grading cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts, may be challenging with concurrent nuclear sclerotic cataracts.
Lens Opacity Classification System (LOCS) III
- Current Gold Standard: Most scientifically valid system for grading cataracts, utilizing degraded reference images.
- Nuclear Cataracts: Graded by opalescence (opacity) and color (brunescence).
- Grading Scales: Nuclear cataracts range from 0.1 to 6.9, while cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts range from 0.1 to 5.9.
Hardness Grades of Cataracts
- Grade 1 (Soft): Transparent or pale grey; linked to recent cortical or subcapsular opacity.
- Grade 2 (Slightly Hard): Pale or yellowish grey; associated with posterior subcapsular opacity.
- Grade 3 (Moderately Hard): Yellowish grey; typically represents a senile cataract.
- Grade 4 (Hard): Yellowish amber; indicative of advanced senile cataract.
- Grade 5 (Very Hard): Dark brown or black; associated with dense opacity, representing hypermature cataract.
Indications for Cataract Surgery
- Reduced visual function impacting patient's needs.
- Anticipated improvement in vision post-surgery.
- Cataract interfering with posterior segment health management.
- Secondary complications from cataract presence, like inflammation or angle closure.
- Risks from unmanageable open-angle glaucoma.
Goals of Cataract Surgery
- Enhance visual function.
- Improve quality of life.
- Elevate patient safety.
Impact of Reduced Visual Function
- Greater negative effect on quality of life than chronic headaches, type II diabetes, and heart disease.
Additional Notes
- Flomax (tamsulosin): Medication referenced, likely related to treatment considerations or potential effects on surgery outcomes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various cataract grading systems with this flashcard quiz. Dive into the details of systems like the Oxford and BCN 10, as well as the World Health Organization's method. It's a great way to enhance your understanding of cataract classification and grading.
