Case-Control Studies

Study Design Types

• Case-Control Study: Designed to compare individuals with a specific disease (cases) to those without it (controls), aiming to identify factors that may contribute to the disease's occurrence.

• Cohort Study: Ideal for exploring causality and associations, this design follows a cohort over time to observe outcomes related to specific exposures or interventions.

• Longitudinal Study: Tracks the natural progression of exposure leading to outcomes over a period, providing insights into how time affects the association between variables.

• Cross-Sectional Study: This design enables the measurement of multiple outcomes within a single study by assessing a population at a specific point in time.

• Ecological Study: Known for potential validity issues, it examines data at a group level rather than individual level, making it challenging to establish direct cause-and-effect relationships.