Cartography and Projections Quiz

False (B)

To provide a systematic way of projecting the Earth's surface for accurate location and distance measurement.

<p>conic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Topography 250 = National outline planning Topography 100 = Transportation and land use Topography 50 = Terrain and physical planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Area calculations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>easting and northing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To distort area or distance for a specific objective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A ratio, such as 1:5,000, or a scale bar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spatial analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inset map = Shows the broader context of the main map Legend = Explains symbols used on the map Scale = Indicates the relationship between map distance and ground distance Direction indicator = Shows the orientation of the map (e.g., north arrow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Queries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>spatial</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>covariance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hardware = Machine power and capabilities Software = User application and development Network = Information sharing and communication Spatial analysis = Understanding relationships through coordinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A digital representation of selected aspects of a specific area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Functionality or Application</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Datum = Singular form of data Geographic representation = Digital model of Earth's surface aspects Continuous fields = Represent infinite data continuously Discrete objects = Represent finite, distinct elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimensionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choropleth map (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>to divide the world into arrays of cells and assign attribute values</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isopleths</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Raster = Good for statistical inference and modeling Vector = Detailed and precise representation of curves with points Choropleth = Uses colors for thematic representation Isopleth = Represents data distribution with lines connecting equal values</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Represents geographic phenomena with high quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>standardized data values (e.g., percentages, rates, or ratios)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To select ideal locations for objects based on criteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ask questions about spatial and temporal relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Great Circle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance measurement = Straight line distance between two points on a flat plane Area measurement = Size of a land parcel Shape measure = Degree of contortedness relative to a circular shape Slope and aspect = Calculated from a grid of elevations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WIMP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing a point's elevation to that of its neighbors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Problems involving location, either in the information or solutions.

The coordinate system of Earth or any planetary system.

Any coordinate system, with or without geographic dimensions.

Spatial progress in time or vice versa.

Difference across spatial snapshots taken over a timeline.

Physical components of a Geographic Information System (GIS).

Programs running on a GIS's hardware to manage and analyze data.

GIS's connection to other systems for data exchange.

Digital representation of specific Earth features for problem-solving or scientific purposes. Vital for GIS to function, with insufficient data hindering and abundant data aiding it.

Individuals responsible for designing, maintaining, supplying data, and interpreting results. They can focus on improving GIS functionality or applying it to solve real-world problems.

Organizational structures and processes for managing GIS activities. Includes budgeting, quality control, and ensuring alignment with organizational goals.

Digital model of Earth's features, simplified to handle limitations of computers. Requires leaving out details, since the world is infinitely complex.

Techniques used to reduce the complexity of geographic data, generating different types. Includes generalization and discretization.

Simplifying features by merging, smoothing, or eliminating details, creating generalized representations. Useful for overall understanding and smaller scale maps.

Splitting continuous data into discrete categories, simplifying information through classifications. Useful for analyzing specific patterns and relationships.

The basic building block of geographic data, linking a position in space and time with a descriptive property. It is the simplest unit of data in GIS.

Characteristics that describe a geographic object, like its type, size, or material. They can have different values, like "tilled" or "fallow" for arable land.

A map that uses colors or shades to show the values of data associated with specific geographic areas, like countries or states.

A map that draws lines connecting locations with the same value of a specific attribute, like temperature or elevation.

A way to store geographic data as a grid of cells, where each cell represents a specific location and has its own attribute value.

A way to store geographic data using points, lines, and polygons to represent features, where points are connected by lines or the shape is filled in.

A geographic phenomenon that varies smoothly across space, like temperature or elevation.

A line on a map connecting points with equal value, like on an isopleth map.

Capturing the variation of a continuous field using lines or polygons in vector representation.

The central part of a map that displays the main geographic information or area of interest.

A smaller map located within a larger map, providing context or showing a wider geographic area.

A key that explains the symbols, colors, and patterns used on a map.

The ratio between distances on a map and corresponding distances on the ground.

The process of associating graphic symbols on a map to specific data attributes or characteristics.

A map that distorts area or distance to emphasize a specific attribute or pattern, making the map non-planimetric.

The process of examining and interpreting spatial data to extract meaningful information and patterns.

Methods of analysis that can be applied to maps to enhance their usefulness for scientific exploration or decision making.

A reference ellipsoid used to represent the Earth's shape for surveying and mapping. It is a mathematical model, not a physical surface, and defines a specific position for the Earth's rotational axis and origin point.

The equipotential surface of the Earth's gravity field, meaning it represents the average sea level extended globally. It is a more accurate representation of the Earth's surface compared to the geodetic datum.

A two-dimensional system using orthogonal axes (x, y) to define the location of points on a flat surface. In mapping, the y-axis is usually aligned with geographic North.

A map projection that preserves angles, meaning shapes are accurately represented at a local scale. This is important for navigation and accurate spatial analysis.

A map projection that preserves area, meaning the relative sizes of features are accurately portrayed. This is useful for global scale mapping and calculations involving area.

A projection where the Earth is represented as a cylinder. The most common type wraps the cylinder around the equator, resulting in a map with straight lines of longitude and curved lines of latitude.

A projection where the Earth is represented as a flat plane, projecting points from a central point onto the plane. This creates a map that focuses on a specific area, with distortion increasing further away from the central point.

A projection where the Earth is represented as a cone, with the base of the cone touching a specified latitude circle. This creates a map with curved lines of longitude and straight lines of latitude.

Questions that ask about geographic locations, relationships, changes, and patterns. They can range from simple 'Where is...?' to complex inquiries about spatial relationships.

A graphical user interface (GUI) based on Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointers. It's a common interface used in many computer programs.

Determining the distance between two points on a map. This can be done using various metrics, such as the Pythagorean metric for straight lines or the Great Circle metric for spherical globes.

A metric used to calculate the straight-line distance between two points on a flat plane. It utilizes the Pythagorean theorem (a² + b² = c²) to find the distance.

A metric used to determine the shortest distance between two points on a spherical globe, like Earth. It calculates the distance along the arc of a great circle.

Measures calculated from a grid of elevations (digital elevation model), representing the steepness and direction of a terrain. They are calculated for each point in the grid.

Simple spatial analysis techniques that manipulate datasets by combining or comparing them to create new datasets and insights. They involve changes like shifts, rotations, projections, or scaling.

Metrics that capture the degree of contortedness (irregularity) of areas compared to a perfect circle. Higher values indicate more contorted shapes.