Cartilage Types and Functions
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Cartilage Types and Functions

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic that differentiates elastic cartilage from other types of cartilage?

  • Higher resilience and pliability (correct)
  • Composition primarily of dense regular connective tissue
  • Less cellular density
  • Presence of a surrounding perichondrium

    • What type of connective tissue is fibrocartilage primarily composed of?

  • Hyaline cartilage and adipose tissue
  • Elastic cartilage and loose connective tissue
  • Dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage (correct)
  • Reticular connective tissue and bone matrix

    • Which structure is NOT associated with the support and protection function of bone tissue?

  • Canaliculi
  • Lacunae
  • Osteocytes
  • Perichondrium (correct)

    • What is the function of canaliculi in bone tissue?

    <p>To connect osteocytes and facilitate nutrient transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage appears to withstand compression and shearing forces effectively?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the extracellular matrix of fibrocartilage differ from that of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>It contains more collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is commonly associated with the presence of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Costal cartilage of ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mature bone tissue, which structural unit is primarily responsible for its organized architecture?

    <p>Osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics describes the chondrocytes in fibrocartilage?

    <p>They lack surrounding perichondrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the mineralization of the bone matrix?

    <p>It contributes to the hardness and strength of the bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of hyaline cartilage that gives it its glassy appearance?

    <p>Homogeneous, amorphous extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major component is NOT found in the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Type I collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Dense network of elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of cartilage structure, what role does the perichondrium play?

    <p>It surrounds hyaline cartilage, except at articular surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is NOT part of the ground substance in hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Heparin sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary functional significance of the extracellular matrix in cartilage?

    <p>Allows diffusion of substances between chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately characterizes fibrocartilage?

    <p>Combines abundant type I collagen with hyaline matrix material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of hyaline cartilage plays a critical role in its development and maintenance?

    <p>Isogenous groups of chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hyaline cartilage typically found in a fully grown individual?

    <p>In the articular surfaces of joints and the rib cage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the branching and anastomosing structures within the matrix of elastic cartilage primarily composed of?

    <p>Elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen fibers predominantly characterize the matrix of hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Type II collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds hyaline cartilage but is absent on the free surfaces of articular cartilage?

    <p>Perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycosaminoglycan is NOT part of the ground substance found in hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Heparan sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the extracellular matrix in cartilage?

    <p>Diffusion of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In comparison to hyaline cartilage, what is a distinctive feature of elastic cartilage?

    <p>Contains a network of elastic fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true regarding the lacunae in hyaline cartilage?

    <p>They hold the chondrocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the composition of fibrocartilage?

    <p>Has abundant type I collagen fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fully grown individuals, where would remnants of cartilage typically be found?

    <p>In articular surfaces of joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement differentiates elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Elastic cartilage has a denser network of fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily inhibits the vascular supply to cartilage?

    <p>Avascular structure of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural feature distinguishes fibrocartilage from elastic cartilage?

    <p>Type of chondrocyte arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do canaliculi play in the bone tissue structure?

    <p>Facilitate nutrient exchange between osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with bone tissue?

    <p>High flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location would you least expect to find elastic cartilage?

    <p>Intervertebral discs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is unique to lamellar (mature) bone compared to other types of bone?

    <p>Organization into osteons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibrocartilage in joints?

    <p>Serve as a shock absorber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key component is absent in fibrocartilage that is present in both hyaline and elastic cartilage?

    <p>Perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the arrangement of cells in fibrocartilage?

    <p>Organized in rows and isogenous groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed by the concentric arrangement of lamellae in bone tissue?

    <p>Osteon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of bone tissue is primarily due to the mineralization of its extracellular matrix?

    <p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cartilage

    • Cartilage is a connective tissue composed of chondrocytes and an extracellular matrix.
    • The extracellular matrix makes up more than 95% of cartilage's volume.
    • Cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels.
    • The extracellular matrix is essential for the diffusion of substances between chondrocytes and blood vessels in surrounding connective tissue.

    Types of Cartilage

    • Hyaline Cartilage
      • Contains type II collagen fibers, GAGs, proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.
      • Found in articular surfaces of joints (articular cartilage), rib cage (costal cartilages), trachea, bronchi, larynx, and nose.
      • The perichondrium surrounds hyaline cartilage, except on articular surfaces.
      • Spaces called lacunae contain chondrocytes.
      • The extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage appears glassy and is produced by chondrocytes.
      • Chondrocytes are distributed singularly or in clusters called isogenous groups.
    • Elastic Cartilage
      • Contains elastic fibers and elastic lamellae in addition to the matrix material of hyaline cartilage.
      • Found in the external ear, middle ear, and larynx.
      • The elastic material gives elastic cartilage properties in addition to resilience and pliability, characteristic of hyaline cartilage.
      • Always surrounded by the perichondrium.
    • Fibrocartilage
      • A combination of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage.
      • Contains abundant type I collagen fibers and the matrix material of hyaline cartilage.
      • The chondrocytes are dispersed among the collagen fibers singularly, in rows, and isogenous groups.
      • The chondrocytes appear similar to hyaline cartilage chondrocytes but have considerably less cartilage matrix material.
      • No surrounding perichondrium.
      • Found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, articular discs, menisci of the knee joint, etc.
      • Serves as a shock absorber.
      • Resist both compression and shearing forces.

    Bone

    • Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue comprised of cells and an extracellular matrix.
    • The matrix is mineralized, making the tissue hard and providing support and protection.
    • Contains spaces called lacunae, which house bone cells, or osteocytes.
    • Osteocytes extend processes into small tunnels called canaliculi.
    • Canaliculi connect adjacent lacunae, allowing contact between neighboring osteocytes.
    • Mature (lamellar) bone is mostly composed of osteons (Haversian systems), which are concentric lamellar structures organized around an osteonal (Haversian) canal.
    • The osteonal canal houses the vascular and nerve supply of the osteon.
    • Perforating (Volkmann's) canals are perpendicular to osteonal canals and connect them to each other.
    • Lacunae between concentric lamellae contain osteocytes, interconnected via canaliculi.

    Cartilage

    • Cartilage is a type of connective tissue composed of chondrocytes (cells) and a specialized extracellular matrix.
    • Cartilage is avascular, meaning it doesn't have blood vessels.
    • Extracellular matrix makes up over 95% of cartilage volume and is essential for substance diffusion between chondrocytes and blood vessels.

    Types of Cartilage

    • Hyaline Cartilage: Contains type II collagen fibers, GAGs (glycosaminoglycans), proteoglycans, and multiadhesive glycoproteins.

      • Contains lacunae, which house chondrocytes.
      • Matrix appears glassy and homogenous due to chondrocyte production.
      • Chondrocytes are found individually or in clusters called isogenous groups.
      • Contains three types of GAGs: hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate.
      • Surrounded by perichondrium, a connective tissue, except on articular surfaces.
      • Found in articular surfaces of joints (articular cartilage), rib cage (costal cartilages), trachea, bronchi, larynx, and nose.

    • Elastic Cartilage: Contains the same components as hyaline cartilage, but also contains elastic fibers and lamellae, giving it more elasticity.

      • Always surrounded by perichondrium.
      • Found in the external ear, middle ear, and larynx.

    • Fibrocartilage: Combines features of dense regular connective tissue and hyaline cartilage.

      • Chondrocytes are dispersed among collagen fibers individually, in rows, or isogenous groups.
      • Chondrocytes have less cartilage matrix material than hyaline cartilage chondrocytes.
      • No surrounding perichondrium.
      • Found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular discs, menisci of the knee joint, and other areas.
      • Acts as a shock absorber due to its resistance to compression and shearing forces.

    Bone

    • Bone is a specialized connective tissue with cells and extracellular matrix.
    • Distinguished by its mineralized matrix, which gives it hardness, support, and protection.

    Bone Structure

    • Bone matrix contains lacunae, which house osteocytes (bone cells).
    • Osteocytes have processes that extend into canaliculi, small tunnels through the mineralized matrix.
    • Canaliculi connect adjacent lacunae, allowing communication between osteocytes.
    • Mature bone (lamellar bone) is mostly composed of osteons (Haversian systems).
      • Concentric lamellae (layers) organized around an osteonal canal, which contains blood vessels and nerves.
      • Perforating (Volkmann's) canals connect osteonal canals perpendicularly.
      • Lacunae between lamellae contain osteocytes connected by canaliculi.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and types of cartilage, including hyaline and elastic cartilage. Learn about the composition, functions, and specific locations of different cartilage types in the human body. Perfect for biology students studying connective tissues.

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